COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 525 



margin of the segment, less rapidly somewhat to hinder margin of segment 

 8 and more gradually to the cremastral end of pvipa. The head has two 

 diverging straight, thick parallel processes, bluntly pointed, triangular in 

 section, toothed roughly on their inner edges and separated from each 

 other by a triangular sinus ; segment 2 has the front margin nearly 

 straight with a triangular sinus in dorsal line ; the apex of thorax points 

 forwards and has two ridges, starting at apex subdorsally, running diverg- 

 ingly backwards to the hinder margin of the thorax where they again 

 conveirge, the surface included by them more or less flat ; the anal 

 end has the segments 12, 13, 14 cut away underneath more and more back- 

 wards so that segment 14 is wedge-shaped, the extreme end quite thin 

 and concavely curved : the sides are perpendiciilar and the dorsum flat. 

 The front of shoulders is somewhat flattened. The wings are produced at 

 the apices into a triangular point as far as hinder margin of segment 9. 

 The surface is very slightly shiny, not quite smooth and minutely tuber- 

 culate on shoulder, head-points the extremities of the extreme width, 

 the flat dorsal portion of thorax as well as on the saddle ; there is a small 

 tubercular dot laterally on segment 4 and another in front ; there may be 

 indications of tubercles on segments 7, 8, 9 and thorax corresponding to 

 those in P. helenus. Spiracles of segment 2 are indicated by narrow 

 linear, light brown ovals between the segment margins 2, 3 ; other spiracles 

 broadly oval, green, with narrow central brown included ovals ; they are flush, 

 that of segment 7 situated at the base of the knob at extremity of extreme 

 width; that of segment 12 blind. Colour is medium grass-green with a yellow 

 green " saddle " bounded anteriorly by the hinder margin of thorax shortly 

 (this hind margin by the way is straight and meets the wing-line in a shallow 

 curve-angle of about 90°), laterally by the dark-green of wing-expansion 

 in a straight line to the points of greatest pupal width, and gradually 

 fades backwards into the green of abdomen ; there is blue-grey sufi"usion 

 on lateral ventral parts of abdomen, on the sides of segments 11-18 and 

 along the dorso-ventral border of ventral parts of segments 3-7 on wings ; 

 there is a brown mark along the line separating the saddle from the dark 

 green of segment 4 ; the suspensory hairs of cremaster are brown. The 

 pupal surface is slightly depressed in -the spiracular region of segments 12, 

 13 ; there is an indentation just in front of spiracle of segment 2 ; there is 

 a white dot at extremities of veins of wings. L : 40mm. over all ; B at seg- 

 ment 7 : 18 mm ; B at shoulders : 10mm ; of segment 3 middle : 6-5mm. ; L 

 of head-process : 3mm. 



The pupa is only green when it is formed amongst green leaves. If it is 

 formed on a grey branch out of their influence or in a cage in captivity it 

 may be quite different ; often it is variegated, in these latter cases quite 

 wonderfully with white and brown and grey and green and black to suit 

 its surroundings. 



