472 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Fol. XXIV. 



Thanguchoo streams had a fair flow of water but were frozen solid, 

 at the sides ; smaller streams were quite frozen up. Mountains 

 and valleys were under snow, though to no great depth, which 

 considering the altitude and the time of the year, indicates a much 

 decreased humidity. Of the vegetation Sir J, Hooker writes : — 

 " After leaving Tallum, the valley contracts, passing over great, 

 ancient moraines and again expanding wider than before into broad 

 grassj^ flats. The vegetation rapidly diminishes in stature and. 

 abundance and though the ascent to Tunga is trifling, the change 

 in species is very great. The Sjnrea, maple, Pieris, cherry, and 

 larch disappear, leaving only willow, juniper, stunted birch, silver' 

 fir, white rose, Aralia, berberry, currant and more rhododendrons, 

 than all these put together ; while mushrooms and other English 

 fungi grew amongst the grasses." 



Ghoom (near Darjeeling), 7,400 feet, 8iikiapokhri, 7,000 feet and 

 Batasia (below Tonglu), about 6,000 feet are connected hj a ridge 

 which varying but slightly in elevation runs west to Sukiapokhri 

 and then turning north along the Nepal border rises steadily to- 

 Tonglu. The conditions at these places seem very similar, all 

 being adjacent to heavy forest of magnolia, oak, chestnut, walnut,, 

 conifers and bamboos. Below 5,000 to 6,000 feet the ground is 

 cleared for cultivation, most of the spurs running south being- 

 planted with tea. 



Pashok. — A few specimens were collected here but seeing that. 

 Mr. R. S. Lister was so ably carrying on the work of the survey,. 

 I pushed on to Ghoom. 



Narbong (near Tindaria). — As the giiest of Mr. W. K. Webb, I 

 spent a most profitable time on his tea garden, obtaining through 

 his aid a number of specimens new to my collection. The garden 

 shows the usual features associated with tea planting on the Dar- 

 jeeling Hills, patches of thick jungle alternating with cleared spaces- 

 on which the tea bushes flourish. This garden has a range in ele- 

 vation from 800 to qaite 2,500 feet, the lower ground being 

 densely clad with a tropical forest of large deciduous trees and 

 bamboos, conspicuous is the rubber tree (Ficus elasticct) which grows 

 in some profusion. The subsoil here appeared to be mainly sand- 

 stone and clay schists. 



Sivoh. — Is situated on the Tista where this large river issues in a 

 comparatively narrow channel from the mountains. On reaching 

 the plains it at once becomes a broad and more sluggish stream, its- 

 low banks fringed with long grasses and trees of the Terai. The- 

 Terai, a long narrow belt of heavy forest runs along the base of the 

 foot hills, between them and the alluvial plains. Near Sivok the- 

 forest is principally of Sal and of course the ubiquitous bamboo, 

 the latter being commoner on the foot hills than in the lower 

 forests. Tall grasses and thorn bushes afford excellent cover for 



