THE EARTHWORMS OF LAHORE. 497 



occupies xvii — xxix sometimes segment xx is also encroached on. Behind 

 the xxix or in other cases xx segment the intestine stretches without 

 change to the anus. It is a thin walled tube slightly constricted interseg- 

 mentally owing to the septa. The typhlosole is a deep longitudinal groove 

 along the dorsal surface of the intestine projecting into its cavity, owing 

 to the typhlosole the appearance of the intestine is quite horse-shoe shaped 

 in transverse sections. 



There are 6 pairs of hearts in segments vii — xii. 



Excretory system.- — Nephridia are of the meganephric type. They are- 

 arranged in pairs alongside the intestine in each segment, but for the first 

 four and a last few in which they are absent. 



The rejjroductive organs are lodged in segments ix — xv. 

 Male organs. — The two pairs of testes and the large fimbriated funnels 

 of the vasa deferentia lie in segments x and xi. 



The testes are not enclosed in the testicle sacs but are freely projecting, 

 from the septa. The testes are small and sometimes missing in large 

 specimens due to degeneration, the worm being protandrous. 



There are four pairs of seminal vesicles in segments ix-xii those of the 

 segments ix and x are rather small. 



Female organs. — A pair of pear-shaped ovaries and funnels lie in the xiii 

 segment. A pair of large and very vascular egg sacs in the xiv segment 

 are attached to the septum %\. 



SpermatheccB. — Two pairs in segments x and xi, their openings to the ex- 

 terior would hence be in the intersegmental furrows j| and J-J. They 

 are small globular structures, with wall only one cell thick, they lie close 

 to the intestine, have no diverticulum, but a very small duct is seen lead- 

 ing to the exterior. (Fig. 1, Plate II.) 



Helodrilus (Bimastus) parvus (Eisen). 



Habitat. — Very widely distributed throughout, large numbers of it were- 

 found along with other worms. 

 External Characters — 



Length. — 45-54 mm., diameter I -2 J mm. 



Segments 85-116, generally the number is somewhere about 90. 



Colour. — lieddish, clitellum whitish and well marked. 



Frostomium epilobous (f — ^). 



Setce closely paired, four pairs in each segment. 



ab=^ aa=^ bc=l^ cd dd=^^ u nearly. 

 The first segment, is without setse, all others, the clitellum included, have 

 the four pairs of setse each. 



Each seta has the posterior end very much curved while the anterior end 

 is distinctly pointed. The nodulus is not well marked. The measurements ■ 

 of a seta are: Length 22 mm., thickness ='016 mm. 



First dorsal pore in the intersegmental furrow g. The dorsal pores are 

 distinctly seen on the clitellum also. 



Clitellum (Fig. 8, Plate I). — Saddle-shaped occupying segments xxiv^ — 

 XXX (=7 segm.). In some specimens segment xxxi also was encroached on 

 dorsally. 



Male pores are deep transverse clefts in broad longitudinal glandular 

 cushions on segment xv, the cushions in soine cases become raised up and 

 appear as papillae. The male pores are in line with the seta b. 



Female pores mostly invisible, in rather large specimens seen as minute 

 openings on segment xiv, slightly internal to the line of the male openings. 

 No spermathecal pores as there are no spermathecse. 



Genital markings. — Small glandular papillse intern alto the ventro-lateral 

 borders of the saddle-shaped clitellum on segments xxv, xxvi, xxix, xxx.. 



