MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 609 



the anterior setoe curve strongly forward over the head and those on the 

 posterior segments curve sharply back. 



Second instar. — Head black, body greyish brown, dorsal white strijDe still 

 present. Setse now replaced by stifl" branching spines. The thoracic 

 segments bear a pair of these on either side and a single, minute, sub- 

 spiracular one. The subdorsal row are alternately black and yellow 

 beginning with a black one on the first abdominal segment. The supra- 

 spiracular row are all black whilst the supspiracular row are all yellow. 



Third instar. ^M.\\c\\ the same as the last only that the ground colouring- 

 is now black and the yellow spines are now orange red. 



Fourth instar. — Differs from the last in that the mid-dorsal stripe has 

 become rust-red as also are the spines which first were yellowish. 



Fifth instar. — Compares fairly closely with Mr. T. C. F. Fryer's descrip- 

 tion of the Ceylon form. 



Head. — Black, vertex deeply notched, covered sparcely with stiff 

 hairs. 



Bodij. — Velvety black, a mid-dorsal stripe rich brick- red. Each segment 

 bears three spines on either side forming subdorsal, supraspiracular and 

 subspiracular rows. The subspiracular spines on the thoracic segments are 

 minute and inconspicuous. The subdorsal spines on the first thoracic 

 segment slope forward and appear to spring from the vertex of head unless 

 viewed under a powerful microscope. The subdorsal row are all bright red 

 except those on the first abdominal and thoracic segments. The supra- 

 spiracular row are all black. The subspiracular row are all red, those on 

 the thoracic segments being tipped with black. 



Pupa. — Closely resembles the Vanesndce. Cylindrical, thorax domed, 

 head bifid, a subdorsal row of short spines on either side the mid-dorsal line, 

 abdominal segments arched. Colour sooty grey with a fine network of 

 black lines over all the surface conforming to no particular pattern. The 

 spines on the thoracic and first two abdominal segments brilliant gold. 

 Suspended by the anal segment. 



Duration of life history averaged from six weeks to two months, the 

 season however was particularly cold and may have appreciably prolonged it. 



F. C. FKASER, Captain, i.m.s., f.e.s. 



CooNOOR, March 1916. 



No. XXTX.— THE PUPA OF SPALGIS EPIUS (Westwood). 



{With a te:itji(/ure). 



The accompanying photographs of a pupa of Spalgis epius (Westwood) wiU 

 I believe be of interest to the readers of the Journal. A drawing of it has 

 already appeared in Volume VIII of the Journal along with an article by 

 the late Mr. E. H. Aitken. But Mr. Maxwell Lefroy in his Insect Life 

 (page 426) cautions the reader against taking Mr. Aitken's remarks as to 

 the resemblance of the pupa too seriously and thereby questions the accuracy 

 of the drawing. The photographs sent herewith should set at rest all 

 doubt on the point. The resemblance to the face of an ape is unmistakable. 

 The head and prothorax represent the muzzle and the line between the 

 mouth. The wings stand for the cheeks. The ' malignant gleam ' of the 

 eyes is much more evident than in Mr. Aitken's drawing. A number of 

 minor details have been omitted in the latter, but their omission does not effect 

 the resemblance of the pupa which certainly recalls the features of simian 

 physiognamy. 



