MAMMAL SURVEY OF INDIA. 35 



Museum, which is from the Ganges Valley, whence, probably, the type 

 also came. 



"Not uncommon in thick evergreen forest at Jog. This species 

 comes out at dusk and flits about very close to the ground among trees." 

 — G.C. S. 



HiPPOSIDEROS LANKADIVA, Kel. 



The larye Indian Leaf -nosed Bat. 



1852. Hipposideros lanhadiva, Kelaart. Prod. Zeyl. p. 19. 



1891. Hipposideros diadema, Blanford. Mammalia No. 161 {partim). 



<S 1106, 1107, 1108, 1110, 1111, 1112, 11.34, 1135, 1133, 1139, 



1159, 1160, 1161, 1162, 1175, 1177, 1178, 1206, 1214, 1215. 



2 1105, 1109, 1136, 1137, 1174, 1176, 120V, 1216 in al. 



1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1188. 

 Skull only 1189 (imm) . . . . Gersoppa, N. Kanara. 



Blanford accepted Geoffroy's name diadema, for the Indian form. 

 Dr. Andersen has ( A.M.N. H. 1905, p. 497) recognized several geogra- 

 phical races of that species in different parts of the Far East, but has 

 accepted the Ceylon form as a separate species under Kelaart's name 

 lankadiva. Later he recorded lankadica as collected by Fea at Bhamo, 

 Upper Burma (Annali Mus. Genov. 1907, p. 6). 



The present series proves to be the same species and (especially as I 

 have seen specimens from the Central Provinces, to be dealt with in a later 

 report) 1 have had no hesitation in arranging the synonymy as above, 

 and in altering Blanford' s English name. 



" Very plentiful in an old temple at Gersoppa (below Ghats) where it 

 occurred in company with equally large numbers of S. diMiunensis and a 

 few other UliinolopMdae . This species has a most unpleasant smell which 

 penetrates throughout the temple. 



This Bat is as large and as powerful as Lyroderma, nevertheless it is here 

 found roosting on equal terms with much smaller species. Although with- 

 out doubt most of the large insectivorous bats prey occasionally on small 

 lizards, frogs, &c., the above fact seems to show that they do not prey on 

 other bats, as Lyroderma most certainly does. 



This species, when at rest, hangs in quite a different position to other 

 leaf-nosed bats, their wings not being folded round the body, but slightly 

 extended as in Taphozous and Rhinopoma. When roosting they make a 

 continuous, small, grunting noise which in united volume sounds like the 

 loud purring of a cat. In Java I found that this species* occasionally 

 roosted singly in the heads of Cocoanut Palms, but usually exactly as 

 here. It was a much earlier flyer than the smaller leaf -nosed bats, and its 

 flight was higher and stronger. 



The fully developed abdominal teats are very stout and flat. All the 

 pregnant females, among those obtained, contained one yovmg. 



No open gland above nose leaf." — G. C. S. 



HippcsiDEROs DUKHUNEN^sis, Sykes. 



Sykes Leaf-nosed Bat. 



(Synonymy in No. 5.) 



S 1113, 1140, 1142, 1144, 1204. 1250. $ 1114, 1115, 1161, 

 1141, 1143, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1150, 1151, 1152, 1153, 

 1154, 1157 in al., 1129, 1130, 1148, 1149, 1155, 1156. 

 Gersoppa, N. Kanara. 



Mr. Shortriclg'e is evidently speaking of the closely allied H. diadema. 



