THE PALMS OF BRITISH INDIA AND CEYLON. 79 



8hunda pana (Mai.). 

 Minbo, minbaw, kimbo (Burm.). 

 Bara flawar (Assam.). 

 Rungbong, simong (Lepcha). 

 Salopa (Uriya). 



Kittul, nepora (Sing.). 

 Hlyamban (Magh.). 

 Names of the Sago. — Bastard sago or sago (English). 

 Sagon d' Assam (French). 

 Palmenstarke, Sago (German). 

 Sago (Dutch). 

 Names of the Fibre. — Black fibre, Indian Gut, Kitool, Kittool fibre, 

 Kittul fibre, Salopa fibre (English). 

 Grin vegetal (French). 

 Kitoolfaser, Siamfaser (German). 

 Kitoolvezel, Kittoelvezel ' (Dutch) . 

 Names of the Sugar. — Jagery, Jaggory, Palm sugar (English). 

 Jaggery, sucre de palme, sucre de palmier (French). 

 Palmzucker (German). 

 Palmsuiker (Dutch). 

 Names of the Wine. — Palm wine, todd}^ (English). 

 Toddi, vin de palme, vin de palmier (French). 

 Palmwein, Todd}^ (German). 

 Palmwijn, Toddy (Dutch). 

 Description. — Trunk 40-60 feet high, 1-1^ feet in diameter; 

 cylindric, annulate, not or scarcely soboliferous, smooth, grey, 

 shining, covered with long shallow cracks with corky edges. The 

 crown is rather thin, consisting of several ascending, gracefully 

 curved bi-pinnate leaves, of great size, being 18-20 feet long and 

 10-15 broad ; the primary divisions 5-6 feet long, arched and droop- 

 ing ; leailets 4-8 inches long, fasciculate or alternate, cuneiform, 

 obliquely truncate, irregularly serrate-toothed on the truncate 

 margin, the tipper margin produced beyond the leaflets into a tail, 

 flabellately veined, glabrous, bright green, shining, the margins at 

 the base recurved. Petiole y&vj stout, at the base measuring about 

 3 inches across, the lower foot in its length is naked, and the margins 

 of the sheath continued upon it as an elevated confluent line. Rete 

 moderate and coarsely fibrous. 



Spadix very large, 10-12 feet long. Peduncle curved, stout, 

 entirely covered with large, greyish, coriaceous spathes, one or one- 

 and-a-half foot long, and closely imbricated; branches simple, very 

 long, pendulous, level-topped, resembling a luige docked horse-tail. 

 Flowers very numerous, placed in threes, the central and lowermost 

 being female, an d later than the others in development. Male 

 flowers: Buds narrowly cylindric, ^ inch long ; sepals 3, roundish, 

 cordate, ciliate imbricate ; petals coriaceous, concave, reddish ; sta- 



