COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 9S 



been cauglit at Umballa and other places in North India but it is 

 merely a struggier and hardly should come into these papers. It 

 is found in Europe ; Northern and Central Asia ; the Himalayas 

 from Chitral to Bhutan, up to 10,000 feet; descending in North- 

 West India to as low as Umballa (fde Land?) as given by Colonel 

 Bingham. 



93. Pieris canidia. — cT • Upperside : white to pale cream-colour. Fore 

 wing : base and basal portion of costa, and base and upper margin of cell 

 irrorated with black scales ; apex and terminal margin to about the middle, 

 decreasingly black, on the latter the black extended for a very short 

 distance triangularly along the veins ; a round, black spot in inter-space 3. 

 Hind wing : a subcostal, black spot (as in P. 7-ap(s, but generally larger and 

 more conspicuous) and a series of four or five terminal, black spots that 

 vary in size at the apices of the veins. Underside : fore wing white ; cell, 

 and costa lightly irrorated with black scales ; apex somewhat broadly 

 tinged with ochraceous yellow ; interspaces 1, 3, and 5 with conspicuous, 

 subquadrate, black spots, the spot in interspace 1 sometimes extended into 

 interspace la, that in 5 ill-defined. Hind wing : from pale, almost white, 

 to dark ochraceous, thickly irrorated all over (with the exception of 

 longitudinal streaks in the cell, and in the darker specimens similar 

 longitudinal streaks in the interspaces) with black scales ; costa above 

 vein 8 chrome-yellow. Antennse black with minute white specks ; the long 

 hairs on head and thorax greenish-grey; abdomen black ; beneath : head, 

 thorax and abdomen white. — § . Uppeiside : similar to that of the c? but 

 the irroration of black scales more extended and prominent, the black on 

 the apex and termen of the fore wing and the black spots on the termen 

 of the hind wing broader, more extended inwards ; on the fore wing there 

 is an additional spot in the interspace 1, and both this and the spot in 

 interspace 3 in many specimens are connected by a line of black scales 

 along the veins to the outer black border ; also the spot in interspace 1 

 often extends across vein 1 into the interspace below. Underside : similar 

 to that in the S • Expanse : 32-60 mm. 



Larva and Pupa. — The larva has not been described. Colonel Bingham 

 says of the pupa : '^ as represented in Mackinnon's figure is a light ochrace- 

 ous brown with the wing-cases prominent, and with some tubercular 

 darker brown spines midway on the abdominal side." This means that 

 the pupa is of the angulated type of Appias, as would be supposed from 

 those of its relations in Europe. 



Habits. — The butterfly is altogether confined to the hills but 

 has been brought in here as it exists both in the Himalayas 

 and the hills of Southern India. It certainl}^ does not exist 

 in the Bombay Presidency, Its distribution is the Himalayas 

 from Chitral to Sikhim and Bhutan from 2,000 to 11,000 feet; 

 the hills of Southern India ; Assam ; Upper Burma ; the Shan 

 States ; extending to China. Nothing is known to the author 

 of its habits. 



94. Pieris glauconome. — d • Upperside: white. Fore wing: basal half of 

 costa narrowly irrorated with black scales; a broad, irregularly quadrate,, 

 black spot over the discocellulars ; apex and termen anteriorly above vein 

 3, broadly black, with a subterminal series of spots of the ground-colour, 

 prolonged as fine lines to the terminal margin. Hind wing ; uniform, the 

 markings on the underside showing faintly through ; a costal spot before 

 the apex indicated by irrorated black scaling ; a series of four, small, black,. 



