NOTES ON INDIAN BUTTERFLIES. 1^81 



Pouj., albocceruleus, Rob. aryia, yLeUjjaponica, M.\xT.,alope, Fenton. Perhaps 

 some of these may=c/.s.sa and even be prior to it. The distribution of onaha 

 and os.<t« is not given : according to Swinhoe ossa is the form from South- 

 ern India and Ceylon, while viaha is the form from the remainder of the 

 region inhabited by the species. The genitalia are very similar, but in 

 maha the clasps are longer and more slender. 



Sangra is a form of labradus from South Polynesia and Australia. The 

 identification of oti$, Fab., is doubtful and it may equal indica or sangra. 

 Sangra is the form from North India, Burma the Andamans and Nicobars ; 

 indica from Ceylon and India South of Lucknow. The spots on the forewing 

 below are small and uniform, while in indica they are large and irregular. 

 On the hindwing below in sangra the second spot from the costa is so 

 placed that a line joining the first and second spot would, if continued, 

 pass close to the discal line and strike the sixth spot ; in indica these spots 

 are less basal and this line would meet the fourth spot. 



It is worthy of note that, as regards the markings below, indica differs 

 from sangra in exactly the same way as ossa does from tnaha and Igsimon 

 from karsandra. 



I had not seen this paper when compiling my list of Indian butterflies. 

 I consider that the name Zizera should be retained and possibly Zizina and 

 Zizida adopted as subgenera ; the Indian form of Igsimon should be 

 regarded as Igsimon karsandra : there seems no reason why, at any rate, 

 until Fabricius's type is discovered, the name otis should be discarded in 

 favour of sangra. 



6. A note on certain butterflies in the collection of Mr. Ollenbach of 

 Dehra Dun. 



Mr. Ollenbach has very kindly sent me an oil painted plate from which 

 the following notes are taken. Amongst them are three species new to 

 India. It is, of course, dangerous to attempt to identify insects from 

 figures only, but in this instance there is no room for doubt as to the 

 particular species represented, though whether they happen to be local 

 races of the first named form is another matter. 



(a) Papilio alexanor, Esp. A male and female obtained in April 1905 at a 

 height of 4,300 feet on the road between Quetta and Nushki in Baluchistan, 

 flying in company with Hgpermnestra helios. The specimens do not appear 

 to dift'er from typical ale.ianor, which flies in Southern Europe and is 

 certainly nearer to it than to the Persian race, orientalis, Pom. The 

 butterfly belongs to the same sub-genus as machaon and resembles it as 

 regards the yellow ground colour ; the wings are crossed by broad black 

 bands, viz., a sub-basal band across both wings, beyond which are two sub- 

 costal bands on the forewing and one at the end of the ceU on the 

 hindwing, followed by a submarginal and narrow marginal band ; the base 

 of the forewing and the dorsal margin of the hindwing for two-thirds of 

 its length are narrowly black. 



(p) Papilio neptunus, Guer. caught at Tavoy, Burma, in June 1912. The 

 butterfly was described from Malacca and inhabits also Borneo, Sumatra 

 and Nias. It is a member of the coon group, possessing the spatulate, 

 slender shafted, tail characteristic of the group, of which the Indian 

 douhledagi and rhodifer are members. It is black above with paler patches 

 between the veins of the forewing as in the forms of coon ; the hindwing 

 bears a discal series of somewhat elongate red spots in interspaces 1 to 4. 

 The breast is red at the sides and the abdomen greyish yellow from the 

 middle. 



(c) Hypolimnas antilope anomala, Wall a female caught in the Nicobars in 

 June 1912. Antilope, Cr., was described from the Moluccas, but the butter- 

 fly occurs in a number of forms from Sumatra to the Fiji Islands. The 



