THE SERO WS, GORALS AND TAKINS OF BRITISH INDIA. 297 



laciymals without ixwj deep pit ; nasals 

 forming an angular union with the 

 frontals ; upper rim of orbits prominent. Ncemorhedus. 

 Although the above mentioned cranial differences are very 

 marked, and do not suggest close relationship between Gorals and 

 Serows, they are nevertheless to a certain extent bridged over in 

 the skull of the small thick coated Japanese Serow formerly called 

 Capricornis crispus, but more recently separated as a distinct genus 

 Ga'pricornuhis. Further evidence that CaiJricornulus crisims is 

 related to the Gorals is furnished by the structure of the foot 

 glands, which resemble those of Gorals, as I have shown in a paper 

 on the cutaneous glands of Ruminants (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, 

 pp. 853-855). 



Another point of interest about these glands is their close resem- 

 blance to those found in the feet of sheep, both wild and domesti- 

 cated. These glands open by a small orifice in the front of the 

 pastern, above the hoof, and each consists of a short narrow duct 

 and a more voluminous glandular sac which is bent upon itself. 

 For want of material, I have not been able to ascertain whether 

 exactly similar glands are present in Serows or not. To settle 

 this, fresh or unskinned feet are necessar}^ for examination. A 

 living Serow from Darjeeling, now living in the Zoological Gardens, 

 appears to have such glands, judging from the size of their orifices 

 in the forelegs, but I could not find them on the skin of the feet 

 of a specimen of a Chinese species (GaiDricornis sumatraensis argy- 

 rochcetes), and according to Bosc an example of the typical Suma- 

 tran Serow had no foot glands. In the present state of our know- 

 ledge, therefore, it is impossible to affirm anything definite about 

 the foot glands of Serows. Serows, nevertheless, have a well deve- 

 loped facial gland opening in front of the eyes by a small orifice, 

 which is not closed by a flap of skin as in sheep and gazelles. 

 In the Serow in the Zoological Gardens, London, referred to 

 above, the secretion of this gland is a clear fluid which soon dries 

 to a substance of the consistency and smell of gum arabic, and the 

 animal itself has a strong smell something like human perspiration, 

 but this, like the smell of goats and sheep, appears to come from 

 the surface of the skin and not from any specially localised 

 glands. It is the presence of this face gland in the Serows 

 that constitutes one of the main external differences between these 

 animals and Gorals, which have no face gland ; and this gland in 

 the Serows is lodged in the hollow of the lacrymal bone mentioned 

 above in the brief description of the skull. Apart from this 

 character Serows are much larger than Gorals and have much 

 longer legs. The tail, however, is very much shorter. 



The main external differences then between the two animals 

 may be briefly epitomised as follows : — 



