338 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXII. 



also, and apex of thorax, dark ; a darkish, dorsal line ; a black speck in 

 front of each spiracle and another, lateral, near front margin of each 

 segment ; cell-spot on wings deep brown ; the broad, square-ended strong, 

 lateral extensor-ridges of cremaster as well as snout pinkish, dotted with 

 black. The colour may be green marked with dark reddish-brown, L: 19 

 mm. ; B : 5 mm.; H. at wingbulge ; 9 mm. ; L. of ventral line from tip of 

 snout to apex of wing-bulge : 14 mm.; from apex of wing-bulge to end at 

 segment 9 : 6mm. 



Habits. — The egg is laid on the wood or on a thorn, or on a 

 leaf, either on the npper or under surface ; and always singi}^. The 

 larva lives generally on the npperside of a leaf in the normal 

 manner but feeds lying along the side or along the part previously 

 eaten, like I. pijrene and the Pareronia larvae. In the last two 

 stages, it wanders about a good deal and rests on stalks and 

 branches ; it feeds on tender leaves ; it is sluggish in its move- 

 ments. The pupa is formed under a leaf or from a leaf and stalk, 

 the tail attached to the stalk, the body-band to the underside of 

 the leaf; the attachments are strong, the body-loop rather lax. The 

 position chosen for pupation is generally fairly open, not amongst 

 thick foliage and branches as preferred by I. pijrene. The butter- 

 fly is on the whole much more of an open-space insect than I. 

 fijrene and may be seen right away from jungle in the open countrj^ 

 flying along the "bands" (boundary-ridges) between the fields 

 in the black-soil plains, though it is also found with the other 

 species in scrub-jungle areas. It is never as plentiful as the other 

 species where they are found together but is plentiful where it 

 occurs. It is a better flier than the other on the whole and is 

 fond of the sun, often goes to flowers and is easy to catch when 

 so engaged. The female is never nearly so plentiful as the male ; 

 out of every dozen caught perhaps one will be of that sex. The 

 flight is the same as that of I. pijrene though, as said before, per- 

 haps stronger and faster; the butterfly rests in the same way. The 

 foodplants are all Capers : Gapparis s&piaria, Gaijparis divaricate, 

 C. aphylla, 0. grandis are plants it has been bred upon. Its distribu- 

 tion is N. W. Himalayas as far east as Kumaon ; Punjab; Bengal; 

 Central, Western and Sou.thern India; Cejdon. 



100. Ixias nola. — Very closely resembles /. viarianne in both sexes, but the 

 few specimens Colonel Bingham has seen, he states, are constant in coloura- 

 tion, and differ from marianne as follows : Male upperside, for wing : orange 

 patch on black apical half narrow, not extended to the discoidal cell at 

 all, the black that borders it on the inner side subobsolete below vein 4. 

 Hind wing : the black, terminal border is much restricted and occupies in 

 some specimens only the anterior third of the terminal margin, in no 

 specimen is there more than a mere indication of it on the posterior 

 portion of the termen. Underside : similar to the underside of J. 

 marianne. Female upperside, fore wing : the orange patch on black 

 apical half still narrower ; the black that borders it on the inner side 

 completely interrupted between veins 3 and 4 ; the outer series of 

 black spots on the orange so conspicuous in marianne reduced to one in 

 interspace 3 and another in interspace 4. Hind wing: as in the male. 



