COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 34S 



body at segment 2. Head round, shiny, oily-yellow all over with a rather 

 large, narrow, triangular clypeus ; the labrum and antennas coloured like 

 the rest ; the surface covered with small, conical, setiferous, black 

 tubercles, three subdorsal on vertex, two subdorsal on each side of clypeus- 

 apex and one above that apex, about eight besides on each lobe, and a few 

 small, cylindrical points ; all tubercles and points surmounted by a fine hair ; 

 the eyes are only four in number on each side and are arranged in an arc 

 above the base of the antennte and are shiny, of the same colour as the rest 

 of the head, generally bordered with black. Surface of body rugose with 

 six transverse rows, from above the spiracular region over the dorsum, of 

 small, shiny, conical, setiferous, black tubercles to each segment ; seo- 

 ments 2, 12 and 13 have only a few transverse rows of such tubercles, the 

 front row of each segment is generally composed of larger tubercles than 

 the others and especially the subdorsal tubercle of that first row is gene- 

 rally large, the tubercles of segment 2 nearly render the whole segment 

 black ; the surface is shiny as well as the tubercles and has, besides, a 

 few cylindrical, setiferous, black points. Spiracles of the ordinary size 

 flush, oval and white. The colour of the body is a rather light green, 

 sometimes with a tinge of lilac, with a yellow-white, narrow, spiracular 

 band from segment 2/3 to segment 12 where the band expands somewhat. 

 The black tubercles may sometimes be very small : just black specks, 

 L. : 30 mm ; B. : 3-75 mm. 



Pupa of leis-wardi. — The pupa is also like that of A. hipjjo, the head 

 process or snout is long, flattened laterally, slightly curved, pointed at 

 the extremity and directed upwards and forwards, sometimes straight 

 out in a line with the axis, sometimes inclined to it ; it is as long as 

 segments 4 and 5 together (in the dorsal line) ; and the edges of the 

 ventral surface are minutely serrated. The front margin of segment 2 is 

 produced into a small subdorsal tooth and the dorsal line is rather strongly 

 carinated ; the thorax is highly carinated in the dorsal line, the lateral 

 outline of the carina being a curve which is slightly broken at the apex 

 just before which the carina is double and the edges somewhat minutely 

 serrate ; the lateral teeth of segments 6, 7 and 8 are all the same size and 

 pointed ; the dorsal line of the abdomen from segment 6, 7 somewhat 

 carinated, the carination splitting down the sides of cremaster on segment 

 14 ; the cremaster is rather small, square as seen from above, slightly bifid 

 from the ends of the lateral carina running out behind, this carina 

 continued forwards on to segments 13, 12, 11. The spiracles of 

 segment 2 are thin, yellow lines ; the other spiracles are oval, flush 

 and white. The surface of the pupa is shiny, smooth except for a super- 

 ficial wrinkling, the carina and the teeth ; there is a round, blunt, low 

 production of the shoulder. The colour of the pupa is dirty whitish 

 with a pink shade on segments 4-14 ; the same but transparent-looking 

 on the rest ; the snout, the points on segment 2, the teeth of seo- 

 ments 5 — 7 sometimes and the extremity of the cremaster are black — 

 only the top and lower edge of the snout however ; there is a black 

 spot on the hinder margin of segment 2 dorsally, one just behind the 

 shovilder, one lateral on segments 3-12 and one dorsal on the front mar- 

 gins of segments 9 and 10 ; there is always a semi-circle of 6 darkish, 

 dorsal spots on segments 6 and 7. The colour of the pupa when formed 

 under a leaf is probably green with the markings more or less as above. 

 The ventrum of pupa is always light in colour. L. 21-25 mm. ; of which 

 the snout is 2*75 mm.; B. at shoulders: 5 mm.; B. at segment 7 from 

 tip to tip of teeth : 7'5mm. 



Hahits. — Eggs are laid on the tender leaves, probabl}^ singly 

 though there are generally many larva3 on each tree which looks as 



