522 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXII. 



similarly yellow, supraspiraciilar line from end to end. L: 22'0 mm.; B: 

 nearly 6mm. at segment 7. 



Habits. — The habits are the same as for crocale except that the 

 butterfly is not quite such a powerful flier and keeps nearer to the 

 groiind as a rule. The commonest foodplant of its larva is Cassia 

 tora perhaps, a semi-herbaceous speciesj it feeds also upon other 

 leguminous plants. In the Deccan the chief species is Cassia 

 aiiriculaia. Its habitat is throughout India ; Assam ; Burma ; 

 Tenasserim ; extending to China, and as far as Australia. It does 

 not ascend the Himalayas above 7,000 feet. 



110. Catopallia florella. — ^The male closely resembles some male specimens 

 of C. lyyranthe that have the black markings on the fore wing reduced and 

 narrow. The female, however, shows a greater difference. 



The late Mr. de Niceville considered the two forms identical but whether 

 this is so or not can only be tested by careful breeding experiments. 

 After examining a long series of specimens from Africa, India and the 

 Malayan Subregion, none of which can be referred to C. crocale or C. scylla, 

 the only two other forms that occur within British India, Colonel Bingham 

 says, he found that he was able to separate them into two groups ; the 

 specimens in one group agreed absolutely with C.Jiorella in the Banksian 

 collection in the British Museum ; the others differed. The two, he says, 

 if there are two distinct forms, cannot be considered geographical races as 

 in many localities their range is conterminous ; nor are they seasonal 

 varieties one of the other as they have repeatedly been taken together 

 on the same day at the same spot. He says it is of course possible that 

 C. Jtorella is a dimorph of C. pyranthe, but clear evidence of this is lacking. 

 He gives the chief points of difference between the two forms in parallel 

 columns as : — 



C. fiorella. C. pyranthe. 



Male and female, underside : the Male and female, upperside : ground- 

 ground-colour white, in female often colour white, tinged with greenish, 

 tinged outwardly with pale primrose- sometimes in female tinged out- 

 yellow, wardly with greenish-yellow. 



Male, Mj9^erszc?e: markings on fore Mskle, upjjerside : markings on fore 

 wing brownish red, rarely dusky wing always black ; on termen not 

 black ; on termen always more or macular but formed into a continu- 

 less macular, the spots sometimes ous, black band always sensibly 

 connected slenderly along extreme narrowed posteriorly. Hind wing 

 margin, the markings not narrowed with no terminal line, or if present 

 posteriorly. Hind wing generally black, sometimes macular, generally 

 Avith a very slender, terminal, ill-defined and diffuse, 

 yellowish-pink line. Female, upperside : markings 



Female, upperside : markings as always much broader than in the 

 in male, the terminal, macular band male ; terminal black band some- 

 on fore wing not broader. times very broad down to vein 3, 



then suddenly contracted and 

 narrowed to tornal angle. 



The differences, Colonel Bingham says, as enumerated, are slight, but 

 they are constant, and give to the two insects a facies markedly different 

 one from the other. Expanse : 52-74 mm. 



Larva. — " Ground-colour pea-green, a black, inerrupted, but very distinct 

 lateral stripe and, below it, a broader stripe of an orange-yellow colour ; 

 the larva is rough but not hairy, the whole of the back and head covered 

 with minute, black spots. L. when fnll grown about 37'5 mm." (Nurse.) 



