TEE BUTTERFLIES OF MUSSOORIE, 375 



107. Pyrameis cardui, Linnaeus. 

 Very common almost throughout the year in Mussoorie and the 

 Dun. The larva feeds on thistles, and on Debregeasia bicolor, Wedd,, 

 Natural Order Urticacece. 



108. Pyrameis indica, Herhst. 



More common in Mussoorie than P. cardui, Linnaeus, but is com- 

 paratively rare in the Dun. The larva feeds on different species of 

 Urticacece, and is gregarious. It flies almost throughout the year. 



109. Vanessa canace, Linnaeus. 



Common in Mussoorie and in the interior from May to September; 

 a few taken in the Dun in October. 



110. Vanessa caschmirensis, Kollar. 



Very common in Mussoorie and all over the hills to the north, 

 from May to October. The larva feeds on various species of 

 Urticacece, 



' 111. Vanessa ladakensis, Moore. 



Very rare, two specimens only obtained from the Nilaug Pass, 

 15,000 feet, in July, 1895. 



112. Vanessa xanthomelas, Wiener Verzeichniss. 



Very rare in Mussoorie ; a few hybernated specimens make their 

 appearance in February; in March and April a fresh brood appears, 

 which frequents the Rhododendron flowers. It occurs also on Nag 

 Tiba, 8,000 feet, in May. The larva feeds on Celtis australis, L., Natural 

 Order Urticacece, and on a wild willow. 



113. Vanessa (Grapia) oalbtjm, Linnaeus. 



May be distinguished by the light fulvous colour of the ground 

 of the upperside of both wings, in the forewing the two black spots in 

 the middle of the discoidal cell are conjoined} and the marginal black 

 band is continued prominently to the apex of the wing ; on the 

 underside of both wings the ground-colour is also fulvous. It is very 

 rare in our area ; we have specimens from Tehri Garhwal, 7,000 feet 

 taken in March, and probably hybernated; native collectors have 

 brought in fresh specimens from the Upper Ganges Valley in July 

 and August. 



114. Vanessa [Grapta) agnicula, Moore. 

 Distinguished from V. c-album, Linnseus, by the bright fulvous- 

 red (or ferruginous) colour of the ground of the upperside of both 



