THE BUTTERFLIES OF MUSSOORIE. 587 



large, and appertain to the form which has heen named T. Jiecabeoides by 

 Menetries. All these specimens belong to the rainy-season broods. 

 The dry -season broods are represented by a large number of speci- 

 mens which bear the name of T. excavata, Moore. On the upper- 

 side they are very similar to typical T. hecabe, except that the 

 marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing is narrower ; but 

 differ on the underside in having all the markings ferruginous instead 

 of blackish, with a more or less distinct ferruginous patch at the apes 

 of the forewing. Capt. Watson says that he considers T. simulata, 

 Moore, T, coniubernalis, Moore, T< patruelis, Moore, T.fraterna, 

 Moore, and T. kana, Moore, would apply equally well to this form as 

 T. excavata, and he is quite unable to draw a line between them. Some 

 of the specimens might be called T. merguiana, Moore, which typically 

 has the inner edge of the black patch at the anal angle of the forewing 

 on the upperside running obliquely outwards to the inner margin, but 

 which is useless as a distinctive character, as the patch varies in shape 

 on the opposite wings of the same insect in some cases. Lastly, we 

 have twelve males and three females from Mussoorie and a pair from 

 Dehra Dun which we have called T. fimbriata, Wallace, originally 

 described from " Mussooree " ; it apparently representing the extreme 

 dry-season brood of T. hecabe. On the upperside of the forewing the 

 black marginal band is usually narrow, its inner edge evenly curved, 

 gradually decreasing from the apex to the inner angle, and with no deep 

 sinus between the median nervules (this sinus is just traceable in some 

 specimens); the marginal black band on the hindwing is reduced to a fine 

 thread oris absent altogether, in which case it is replaced by black dots at 

 the ends of the veins ; on the underside the markings are ferruginous, 

 and there is usually an apical ferruginous patch to the forewing. Capt. 

 Watson includes under this form certainly T. apicalis, Moore, and also 

 most probably T. simplex, Butler, T. asphodelus, Butler, T. narcissus, 

 Butler, and T. irregularis, Moore. In Dr. A. Gr. Butler's latest 

 revision of the genus Terias (Ann. and Mag. of Natural History, 

 seventh series, vol. i, page 69, n. 38 (1898), which has been published 

 since this article was put in type, he gives the India species as T. suava, 

 Boisduval, restricting T. hecabe to South China from Hong-Kong to 

 Tonkin, including the island of Hainan. Dr. Butler gives T. kana 

 full specific rank (1. c, p. 73, n. 42), but he has not seen the type. 



5 



