G7U JO URNAL, BOM DA Y NA TUBAL IJISTOB Y SOCIETY, Vol. XL 



662. Thamnobia fulicata, Linn. 



A permanent resident on the coast, but by no means common. It 

 is, however, common in the east of the district, but absent from all the 

 central forest portion. It breeds from February to May. 



663. Copsychus saulaeis, Linn. 



Almost the commonest bird in Kanara, and is a permanent resident 

 in every part from the coast to the extreme east. It breeds every- 

 where from February to May. 



664. Cittocincla maceuea, Gmel. 



The " shama " is extremely common in all the forest parts of Kanara 

 from the east to the line of the Ghats. Below the Ghats I have only 

 noticed it at Kudra, and it is certainly not common anywhere below 

 Ghats. It is very partial to bamboo jungle. The males constantly 

 sing, and sit in prominent situations, but the females are shy and 

 retiring, and are not often noticed. It breeds in April and May in 

 holes in trees : these are generally low down, but I have seen a nest 

 in a broken bamboo at least twenty feet from the ground, and another, 

 16 feet, in a large crack in a banyan. The commonest situation, how- 

 ever, is in the hollow portion of a cut bamboo lying on the ground, but 

 propped up at an angle of about twenty-five degrees. Indeed, in 

 bamboo jungles such a situation almost always contains a nest, and I 

 believe a person living constantly in a place where the bird was common, 

 such as Supa, could, by placing a row of these in proper positions 

 about three hundred yards apart in the forests, obtaiD almost any 

 number of eggs. The nests vary with the situation. In a large hole 

 they are bulky structures, but in a bamboo consist of only a few roots. 

 The eggs are three or four in number, and closely resemble one of the 

 commonest varieties of C. saularis, but are perhaps, as a rule, darker. 



671. Mekula nigripileus, Lafres. 

 This bird is found sparingly in the cold weather along the coast, 

 and noticed occasionally here and there above the Ghats at that season. 

 About Halyal and Mundgode it is fairly common in March and April. 

 I have never seen a nest in Kanara, but I am pretty certain it must 

 occasionally breed in its northern portion. 



685. Geociohla cyanonotus, Jard. & Selb. 

 This is the common thrush of Kanara and is a permanent residents 

 though one sees a great many more in the rains than at other seasons. 



