482 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XIV. 



As regards places I shall, when noting on each species, mention more 

 particularly the spots where it is likely to be found. As a general rule, how- 

 ever, in the hot dry months before the rains, butterflies — and then only the 

 commoner kinds — will be seen only in heavily wooded, shady gardens and 

 groves, among thick shrubby undergrowth and near water channels leading 

 from wells. On bright days during the rains and after the rains, they come 

 out more into the open and may be taken on grass lands and round flowers. 

 The Duranta {p.plumeri and ellisii) and the Lantana {L. aculeata) form a spe- 

 cial attraction to most apecies and swarms of all varieties may be seen hovering 

 round the plants when in full bloom. Lime gardens, again, are favourite re- 

 sorts of many species and well re-pay a visit. The few species of the Satyrince 

 found in the district will only be taken in shady spots and among heavy 

 undergrowth where there are plenty of dead leaves. It is, however, unneces- 

 sary to enlarge further beyond these few general hints ; a collector will very 

 soon find out for himself the most likely spots to go to. 



In conclusion, I would add that, though I have assiduously looked for the 

 caterpillars and pupse of the various species, I have been able to find them 

 in very few cases only. The reason for this, non-success is not very evident, 

 but is possibly due to the caterpillars retiring to out-of-the-way shady cor- 

 ners during the day. The fact that I have been far more successful in this 

 direction in the cold weather, and that in the hot weather even leaves and 

 branches freshly eaten (during the night) and under which fresh droppings 

 are found, very seldom carry caterpillars during the day, would seem to con- 

 firm this theory. I have more than once observed the larvEe of moths moving 

 away from the outer branches of their food plants as soon as the sun began 

 to get powerful. 



For the sake of completeness, I have included in the following list all 

 species which I can find as having been recorded from the dry regions of 

 Oudh. Those which I have not taken or seen myself ^and therefore cannot 

 personally vouch for are marked with an asterisk, 



FAMILY— NYMPHALIDJ]:. 



Sub-Family — Danain^e. 



The Danainse are very poorly represented, being confined to five species. 



1. Danais Limniace, Cramer, 

 Though not often seen in the open, this butterfly is not uncommon in 

 shady gardens just before and during the rains. They may often be seen in 

 great numbers on the Lantana flowers in the Secunderabagh Gardens, Luck- 

 now, The species disappears almost wholly from the end of October till the 

 beginning or middle of the following June. 



2, Danais chrysippus, Linnreus. 



Common throughout the year except, perhaps, during the very cold months. 



It swarms from July to October when scores may be seen everywhere. Very 



dwarfed specimens are sometimes taken in the winter, and I have two whose 



e3?:pan8e ia not more than 2'1 inches. The D. alcippus variety I have not seen 



