PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MAMMALS OF NEW YORK 323 
northern part of the state wherever the requirements of its Hudsonian 
nature are met. 
Principal records. Batchelder: “At Beedes, Essex co. N. Y. late in 
the summer of 1894... I made... the very unexpected discovery 
that Aicrotus chrotorrhinus was common there, at least in one particular 
locality ” (’96a, p. 188). Mearns: ‘‘One adult male was trapped in a 
pile of moss-covered rocks on a shoulder of Hunter mountain, at an alti- 
tude of about 3500 feet, August 25, 1896. Many traps were subsequently 
placed about this spot, but no others were caught ” (’98, p. 349). 
Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord) Common meadow mouse 
1815 Mus pennylvanicus Ord, Guthrie’s geography. Am. ed. 2 p. 292. 
1828 Arvicola riparius Ord, Acad. nat. sci., Philadelphia journ. v. 4 
[Din Bp Ds GOR) WOAKS 
1842 Arvicola riparius De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia. p. 84. 
1842 Arvicola hirsutus De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia. p. 86. 
1842 Arvicola oneida De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia. p., 88. 
1842 Arvicola xanthognathus De Kay, Zoology of New York, Mammalia. 
p. go. 
1884 Arvicola riparius Merriam, Linn. soc. New York. Trans. 2: 174. 
1895 Microtus pennsylvanicus Rhoads, American naturalist. Oct. 1895. 
29: 940. 
1896 M|{zcrotus| pennsylvanicus Fisher, The Observer. May 1896. 
Gm LOS 
1898 Microtus pennsylvanicus Mearns, Am. mus. nat. hist. Bul. 
@ SDE MOOS, tee Bee. 
1898 Microtus pennsylvanicus Mearns, U. S. Nat. mus. Proc. 21: 348. 
Type locality. Near Philadelphia, Pa. 
faunal position. The common meadow mouse ranges from well 
within the Canadian zone nearly to the northern edge of the lower 
austral zone. In the Hudsonian zone it is replaced by a smaller soft- 
furred race Microtus pennsylvanicus fontigenus (Bangs, ’96b, p. 48, 
Miller, ’97b, p. 14), and in the upper part of the upper austral zone by a 
much darker form JZ. pennsylvanicus nigrans (Rhoads, ’97d, p. 307). 
Ffabitat. Open, grassy places both wet and dry. 
Distribution in New York. The meadow mouse is one of the most 
abundant mammals throughout the cleared portions of the state. Its 
range has undoubtedly been very much extended by the removal of the 
forests, and consequent increase in the area of grass lands. 
