GLACIATION. 245 
country suggests profound glaciation. Pl. XX XIII is a view looking south 
from this hill toward Difficult Creek and the headwaters of the Roaring 
Fork. In the foreground is a broad, gently sloping bench, which, at the 
point from which this picture was taken, has an altitude of nearly 11,000 
feet, and thus is 2,500 feet above the bottom of the Roaring Fork Valley, 
a short distance away. The details of topography of this bench present 
a typically glaciated aspect. From a favorable point of view it presents a 
rude resemblance to a plowed field, being marked by straight and parallel 
furrows set a short distance apart, so that ridges and furrows alternate. 
The ridges are sometimes composed of bed rock, but more commonly of 
loose morainal material; and the higher ones are often carved into lenticular 
forms, suggesting roches moutonnées. 
On the opposite side of Roaring Fork Valley there is also continued 
evidence of glaciation. The granite hills which rise east of Smuggler 
Mountain, between Hunter Creek and Roaring Fork, have all been planed 
down by glacial action, and frequently carry morainal material. These 
mountains are over 11,000 feet high, and therefore more than 3,000 feet 
above Roaring Fork Valley. On the top of Smuggler Mountain proper, 
which is 10,000 feet high, the thickness of moraine, as shown in the Park- 
Regent and Bushwhacker shafts, is about 400 feet, but this drift is perhaps 
the moraine of the Hunter Creek glacier, which was smaller and of later 
date than the general ice sheet. 
Red Mountain appears from the southeast and southwest sides, from 
which it is best seen, as a hill of bare rock, the outcrops of which can be 
seen continuously all the way from the top to the bottom. Around the 
base of this mountain is morainal material, the upper limit of which is very 
strongly marked. The top of the mountain, however, which is compara- 
tively flat, presents no outcrops, but is heavily covered with morainal 
material, which is chiefly of granite, with some quartzite. On the very top 
of the hill, also, there exists a well-marked stream bed, with terraces on its 
sides, which have been cut partly in the drift and partly in the bed rock, 
and evidently resulted from the action of some swift glacial torrent. There 
does not appear to be a trace of this stream bed or of the morainal material 
on the mountain side. 
Between Hunter and Woody creeks all the highest country is carved 
into typical glaciated forms. The topography, as seen on the map, is 
