544 CAMBKIAN BRACHIOPODA. 



lilNGTJIiEPIS Hall,a subgenus of LING-ULELLA. 



[Lingula, a tongiie; and ^sr^f, a scale.] 



Lingulepis Hall, 1863, Sixteenth Ann. Kept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 129. (Described as a new genus.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Meek and Hayden, 1865, Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl., No. 172, Paleontology Upper Missouri, 



pt. 1, pp. 1 and 2. (Described and discussed.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, 1867, Trans. Albany Inst., vol. 5, p. 106. (Copied from Hall, 1863, p. 129.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Dall, 1870, Am. Jour. Conchology, 2d ser., vol. 6, pt. 2, pp. 1.54 and 161. (Described.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1871, vol. 23, pp. 186-187. (Notes on genus in 



discussion of "Lingulellaf lamhorni") 

 Lingulepis Hall, Zittel, 1880, Handbuch der Paliseontologie, Bd. 1, Abth. 1, p. 664. (Described in German.) 

 Lingula {Lingulepis) (Hall), Oehlert, 1887, Manuel de conchyliologie, by Fischer, p. 1261. (Described in French.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Hall and Clarke, 1892, Eleventh Ann. Rept. State Geologist New York for 1891, pp. 231-232. 



(Described.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Hall and Clarke, 1892, Forty-fifth Ann. Rept. New York State Museum for 1891, pp. 547-548. 



(Copy of preceding reference.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Hall and Clarke, 1892, Nat. Hist. New York, Paleontology, vol. 8, pt. 1, pp. 59-62, and 164. (Origi- 

 nal description copied, p. 59; genus described and discussed, pp. 59-62; and derivation of genus shown graphi- 

 cally, p. 164.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Schuchert, 1897, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 87, p. 258. (Lingulella and Lingulepis compared.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Walcott, 1897, Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, p. 404. (Re-refers all the species that have been 



placed under Lingulepis.) 

 Obolus {Lingulepis) (Hall), Walcott, 1899, Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 32, pt. 2, pp. 443-444. (Copy of preceding 



reference, except that Lingulepis and Lingulella are made subgenera of Obolus.) 

 Obolus {Lingulepis) (Hall), Walcott, 1901, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 683. (Characterized.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Matthew, 1902, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada for 1902, 2d ser., vol. 8, sec. 4, No. 3, p. 102. (Discussed.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Matthew, 1903, Geol. Survey Canada, Rept. Cambrian Rocks Cape Breton, p. 126. (Described 



and discussed. Hall's original description copied also.) 

 Lingulepis Hall, Grabau and Shimer, 1907, North American Index Fossils, vol. 1, p. 193. (Characterized.) 

 Lingulella {Lingulepis) (Hall), Walcott, 1908, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 53, No. 4, PI. XI, and pj). 142 and 144. 

 (Classification of subgenus.) 



Genotype. — Lingula acuminata Conrad. 



Schuchert states in liis bibhography [1897, p. 258] that the only essential difference betAveen 

 Lingulepis and Lingulella is that the ventral beak of the former is often much attenuated. 

 He does not refer to the interior markings of the valves, which have been illustrated as of 

 a pecuhar character by Hall [1892c, p. 60]. I quite agree with Schuchert, and I find that, 

 with a fairly good series showing the inteiiors of both valves, all the essential markings of the 

 vascular system and muscle scars are the same as in Lingulella, except as the fonn of the ven- 

 tral valve changes the outhne of the visceral area. Wlien a shell of Lingulella (Lingulepis) 

 acuminata (Conrad) (PI. XLII, figs. Ig, Ih) is less attenuate than usual it is ahnost a good 

 Lingulella, both as regards external form and interior marldngs. It is a fact, however, that 

 many hundreds of specimens with a wide geographic distribution show a persistent form that 

 is readity recognized, and for this reason, and also for convenience of classification, I give Lin- 

 gulepis a subgeneric value. 



o The synonymy for this subgenus does not give a complete record of the various genera under which the species now included in Iiingulepis 

 were formerly placed; it gives only those references in-which the genus is discussed or described. To complete the record the following mere 

 generic references are listed: 



Lingula Com-ad [1S39, p. 64]. 



Lingula Emmons [1S42, p. 268]. 



Lingula. HaU [1847, pp. 3 and 9; 1851, p. 204]. 



Lingula Owen [ISol, p. 170; 1852, p. 583]. 



OrUcula Owen [1852, p. 583]. 



Lingula Emmons [1855, pp. 202 and 203]. 



Lingula Bilhngs [1856, p. 34]. 



LiTtgula Hall [1862, pp. 21 and 435]. 



Lingula Hayden [1862, p. 73]. 



Lingula Billings [1863, p. 102]. 



Lingula Chapman [1863, p. 187]. 



Lingula Emmons [1863, p. 92]. 



Lingula Chapman [1864, p. 159]. 



Lingula HoU [1865, p. 102]. 



Lingula Salter [1865, p. 102]. 



Lingula Davidson [1866, pp. 41 and 53]. 



Lingula PhiUips [1871, p. 68]. 



Lingulepis Whitfield [1880, pp. 335 and 337; 1882, 



p. 169; 1884, p. 141]. 

 Lingulepis Dwlght [1880, p. 208]. 

 Lingulella Matthew [1S91, p. 146]. 

 Glossina Hall and Clarke [1892a, PI. I, figs. 10 and 11]. 

 Lingula (Glossina) Hall and Clarke [1892c, PI. I 



figs. 1 and 2]. 

 Lingula James [1895, p. 884]. 

 Lingulepis Matthew [1895b, pp. 256 and 257]. 

 Lingulepis Walcott [1897a, p. 404]. 

 Lingulella Matthew [1899, p. 199]. 

 Obolus (.Lingulepis) AValcott [1901, p. 692]. 

 Lingula Matley [1902, p. 141]. 

 Oholus (Lingulella) Walcott [1902, p. 607]. 

 Obolus (Lingulepis) Walcott [1905a, p. 333; 1906, 



p. 667]. 

 Lingulella (Lingulepis) Walcott [1908d, p. 72]. 



