THE BUTTERFLIES OF KUMAUN. 133 



dividuals not only on the cessation of the monsoon, in September, but 

 in the following March and April. This is doubtless to be explained 

 by the abundance of food-plants for the larvse ; the exceptions will 

 only be in the case of larva like Dophla patala which feed on oaks 

 and hardy trees but little affected by drought. Forest fires, too, must 

 destroy myriads of larvae in a dry year. 



Family -NYMPH ALID^. 

 S ub-f amity— Danain^e. 



1 . DanaiS limniace, Cramer.— Common. April-October. 2,000 to 5,000 ft. 



2. Dauais aglea BXelanoicleS Cram. (Paralitica melanoides, Moore ). — 

 Common in April and May and from July to October at from 3,000 to 5,C00 ft. 



3. DanaiS sePtentrioaiS, Butler.— Common. May and September. 

 1-5,000 ft. 



4. DanaiS tytia, Gray. — Fairly common in wooded nullahs in April and 

 May and again in September and October at 3-5,000 ft. 



5. DanaiS mclanca, Cramer.— Rare in the Tarai in January. 



6. DanaiS Plesippus, Linn. — Common everywhere up to 5,000 ft. 



7. DanaiS ChrysippilSj Linn. — Common everywhere up to 5,000 ft. 

 The Euplaince are only represented in Kumaun by three species, two 



endemic and the third a rare visitor from Nepal. 



S. Euploea CO?©, Cram. — Very common at 2-5,000 ft. especially in July 

 and October. 



9. s Euploea SPloadens, Butler (rogenhoferi, F elder). —Recorded by 

 Bingham from Eastern Kumaun. I have not met with it from this locality 

 into which it appears to come as a rare straggler from Nepal. 



10. EuPloea mulciber, Bingham (midamus, Linn.).— Rare at Nalena, at 

 3-4.000 ft. in April and May. Common in Kali and Sarju Valleys in August. 



SATYRIN^. 



The Satyrinoi are well represented throughout Kumaun, fifty-two forms 

 being recorded. 



11. MycalesiS sanatana, Moore.— Rare at Binsar and Askot, 6-8,000 ft. in 

 May and October. The wet-season form {gopa) may be looked for in August 

 at 6,000 ft. at Ramgarh, Takula, etc. 



12. MycalesiS perseuS, Fabr.— Common. 1-6,000 ft. in March, April, 

 May and October. The wet season form (M. blasius) occurs plentifully at 

 Ranibagh and elsewhere from July to September. 



13. MycalesiS mineilS, Linn. — With its dry-season form (otrea) occurs in 

 the same localities as M.perseus, but is not so common. 



