279 



THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA 



(INCLUDING THOSE MET WITH IN THE HILL 

 STATIONS OF THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY). 



BY 



T. R. Bell, i.f.s. 



Part VIII. 



( Continued from page 879 of Volume XIX.) 



58. Vanessa cardui, Linn. — (Plate B, fig. 9c?). Male and female upper- 

 side : forewing : interspace 1 and extreme base of wing dusky-black, irrorated 

 with golden scales ; apical half of wing and termen dusky-black ; discal and 

 medial area of wing ochraceous orange with the following black markings : 

 an irregular oblique band consisting of two detached spots across middle of 

 cell, a patch in base of interspace 2 and a curved transverse bar across 

 interspace 1 ; on the black apical area an obliquely placed series of three 

 quadrate white spots from costa followed by a curved transverse series of 

 four white spots and on the broad dusky-black terminal margin an obscure 

 transverse series of pale, slender, lunular marks. Hindwing dusky-brown 

 covered with long, silky, brown hairs at base ; a large spot beyond apex of 

 cell, a broad, transverse, discal, irregular band and the termen ochraceous 

 orange ; the ochraceous discal band does not extend to the costa and 

 bears a round black spot in each of the interspaces 2-6 ; on the termen 

 there is an inner transverse series of black lunules and an outer series of 

 black spots at the apices of the veins. Underside : forewing, cell and 

 discal area from vein 1 irregularly to vein 4 ochraceous orange, rest of the 

 wing greyish brown ; base of cell red, apical portion white, black marking 

 in and below cell much as on the upperside ; beyond the cell the white 

 markings on the apical area and on the termen as on the upperside. 

 Hindwing mottled with olive-brown and ochraceous, the olive-brown mark- 

 ings with slender white margins ; a postdiscal transverse series of ocelli 

 in interspaces 2-6, those in interspaces 3 and 4 with blue, the rest with 

 black centres ; all with inner rings of ochraceous and outer rings of black ; 

 a series of black subterminal lunules and terminal black spots as on the 

 upperside but not so distinct. Antennae brown, ochraceous yellow at the 

 apex ; head, thorax and abdomen with ochraceous pubescence, the thorax 

 beneath the pubescence metallic green ; on the underside the palpi, thorax 

 and abdomen pale ochraceous white. Exp. 58-68 mm. 



Larva. — The larva is the type of Junonia larvee. Head parallel-sided, 

 flat-faced, with distinct central depressed line ; covered with erect, rather 

 long, white seta9 which are shortest on the face ; a few brown tubercles on 

 vertex of each lobe bearing black setee ; colour from light red-brown to 



