COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 291 



the oblique band of white spots replaced by golden. Hindwing : a black 

 spot at base of vein 8, another at base of interspace 5, and a postdiscal 

 transverse series of small white spots in addition to the markings as on the 

 upperside. 



Second form. — Similar to the above but the disc of the hindwing on both 

 upper and under sides white. — alcippoides, Butler. 



Third form. — Similar to the first form, but on the forewing, the oblique 

 series of elongate spots yellowish and the middle portion of the black 

 apical area tawny. Exp. 70-90 mm. 



Larva. — The caterpillar is extremely like that of the preceding species ; 

 body thickest in the middle, tapering to head in the front three segments 

 and very little to anal end in segments 13 and 14 ; these last two segments 

 have the dorsal line a quarter-circle curve, the anal flap itself being in a 

 plane at an angle of 90° to the longitudinal axis of the larva : this flap is 

 rather large, triangular in shape, with the apical portion somewhat swollen 

 in the centre ; the legs are not large, the prolegs are cylindrical and stout. 

 The head is nearly square, somewhat convex laterally, conspicuously 

 bilobed with a cylindrical, not very stout, tuberculate horn or process on 

 the vertex of each lobe, these horns being very slightly curved and directed 

 somewhat forwards out of the plane of the face ; the face is nearly flat ; the 

 clypeus fairly large and triangular ; the surface distantly lowly-tuber- 

 culate, each tubercle bearing a short hair ; some longer hairs at base 

 and sides of face ; the colour of head is orange with a broad black 

 line on each side of clypeus, not reaching its vertex nor its base and a 

 shorter and narrower one above, nearer the vertex of head ; the horns and 

 eyes are black, the jaws and ligula dark coloured, the labrum and second 

 antennal joint dirty watery white. The surface of the body is dull and 

 somewhat velvety with the usual spinous processes : one subdorsal, one 

 dorsolateral, one supra and one subspiracular and two or three more small 

 ones below that again — as in Hypolimnas bolina ; all processes are dirty 

 glassy white as well as the spines at their bases ; the spines further up are 

 black ; the surface is covered also distantly with minute white tubercles 

 arranged more or less in transverse rows across the segments. Spiracles 

 deep black with narrow, raised, shiny, black borders and are oval, flush, 

 rather large. The colour of body is chiefly black, velvety in a dorsal, rather 

 narrow band and in the lateral centre of each segment, smoky with a green- 

 ish tinge elsewhere ; many minute, orange circles surrounding the minute 

 tubercles ; the spiracles also surrounded with orange and the subspiracular 

 region blotched orange ; belly smoky black ; pseudo-legs and true legs shiny 

 orange. L: 48 mm; B: 7 mm; L. of body spinous processes: 2*5 mm; of 

 horns : 3 mm. 



Pupa. — The chrysalis of this species is very similar indeed to that of the 

 last ; there is so little difference in shape, colour or anything else that it 



