294 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XX. 



rising from a swollen short-conical black base. Segment 2 has, on each 

 side of dorsal line, four black, hair-bearing, cylindrical tubercles in a line 

 one below the other, two blunt red spines one below the other in front of 

 spiracle and two more below them in a line on base of leg ; 3rd segment : 

 ane subdorsal bristle-bearing tubercle, one supraspiracular and three sub- 

 spiracular in a triangle ; segment 4 is like segment 3 ; segment 5 has one 

 subdorsal, one dorsolateral, one supraspiracular, one subspiracular, all alike 

 and two where the base of leg would be, one below the other ; segment 



6 has the same, but three on base of leg in a triangle ; segment 7 the same, 

 only two in a line under the subspiracular one ; segments 8-10 like segment 



7 ; segment 11 like segment 5 ; segment 12 has two dorsal, one near front 

 margin, one near hinder margin, one dorsolateral, one antespiracular, one 

 subspiracular and no more ; segments 13 and 14 have one only supraspira- 

 cular ; the latter segment is semicircular in outline, the end dull black in a 

 dorsal triangular space. Colour is a fine rich reddish brown with a greenish 

 tinge ; prolegs with their outer faces shiny black ; true legs shiny black. 

 All spines the same length with a few fine black bristles set at an angle of 

 45°. L : 43 mm. ; B : 7 mm. ; L of horn : 4 mm. ; of spines : 2 '5 mm. 



Pupa. — The pupa is of the type of that of Hypolimnas bolina. The 

 head is produced into two short, conical, stout points, separated narrowly 

 by a curved sinus ; the points are directed straight forwards, one in front 

 of each eye. Thorax strongly and highly carinated in the dorsal line with 

 a strong tooth at shoulder and another immediately behind it on the line 

 of wing, i.e., the shoulder is double-toothed. Abdomen as stout in the 

 centre of pupa (segments 7 and 8) as pupa at shoulders and as high as at 

 apex of thorax, curved rather much at extremity so that the cremaster is 

 nearly at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the pupa ; this cremaster 

 exceptionally large, slightly hollowed out above and below, consisting of a 

 square basal piece followed by a smaller square piece, the attachment 

 surface being at the extreme edge-centre. Spiracles of ordinary size, 

 yellowish in colour with black central slit, longly oval in shape. Surface of 

 pupa somewhat rugose ; on abdomen are rows of conical bosses or tubercles: 

 one dorsal, one subdorsal, lateral and spiracular ; the dorsal tubercles large 

 on segments 8 and 9 ; the subdorsal ones of segments 7-11 still larger and 

 recurved, those on segments 8 and 9 being largest of all ; the tubercles on 

 other segments and in other rows are mere little knobs. Wings expanded 

 as in H. bolina and the line of expansion is slightly curved. The colour is 

 black-brown and yellow-pink ; thorax, segment 8 and the regions of 

 segments 11 and 12 being lightest in colour. L : 25 mm. ; B : 9 mm. 



Habits. — The egg is laid, generally single, on the underside of a 

 leaf low down near the ground ; the young larva emerges about 

 three days after the egg is laid. It is a shiny light brownish- 

 green at first with a shiny black head with a stiff, simple, curved 



■ 



