COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 295 



shiny black bristle on the vertex of each lobe ; all the body-spines 

 or processes are also simple, shiny black, curved bristles. It is 

 5 mm. in length by 1*5 mm. in breadth at the end of the stage. 

 An egg laid on the 11th of August produced a larva on the 15th. 

 This entered on the 2nd stage on the 19th and was then already 

 like it was to be in the later stages, that is, the head was shiny 

 black with a tubercled horn on vertex of each lobe and the body 

 processes were tubercled and black, each ending in a black hair ; 

 the dorsal spines or processes of segments 5 to 12, which are not 

 represented at all in the first stage, were now fully developed ; the 

 colour of the body was light greenish yellow-brown and shiny all 

 over ; the size at the end was 8 mm. by 1*5 mm. ; that was on the 

 25th. It was in the 3rd stage on the 29th — had entered on it some 

 time before — and the head was black covered with some longish 

 spine-like black hairs and some light ones about jaws ; basal antennal 

 joint and labrum watery whitish. Colour of body red-chocolate, 

 slightly ochreous at anal end with subdorsal spines or processes of 

 segments 2-12 bright ochreous and the supraspiracular ones slightly 

 ochreous on segment 3-9 ; all the rest shiny black. Spiracles 

 oval, flush, black in colour. Surface of body shiny, rather greasy 

 looking. L: 17 mm.; B: 3mm. without processes. The larva 

 generally sat on the underside of a leaf ; latterly, as often as not, 

 on the stem of the plant, generally slightly contracted and straight. 

 It is sluggish in its movements and feeds generally in the mornings 

 and evenings. It is fond of the shade and does not like the sun. 

 The pupation takes place on the underside of a leaf or from a twig 

 or against the stem of the plant and generally low down near the 

 ground. The pupa is firmly attached though it hangs loosely. 

 The butterfly is not likely to be found away from the hills and 

 forest, neither will it be met with where the rainfall is scanty ; 

 indeed it is an insect of the dampest parts of India. The flight 

 is very like that of Hypolimnas holina : fast, somewhat devious 

 and of short duration, of the usual up-and-down type where the 

 wings are brought together over the back between the strokes ; 

 though it is sometimes varied by a short " sail " with the wings 

 kept outstretched. Kallima keeps to the thick jungles, rarely visits 

 hill-tops or open spaces, but is fond of clear nalla-beds in evergreen 



