296 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XX. 



forests where it may be met with sitting on a leaf or underside of a 

 branch, or on a tree-stem ; occasionally taking a short flight after 

 an intruding individual of its own species, that has a beat further 

 along, to return to its post. It generally rests low down near the 

 ground and very rarely rises far into the air ; when disturbed sud- 

 denly from the underside of a leaf or from a plant-stem it will fly 

 up some short distance and then drop down into a thicket where it 

 speedily disappears from sight among the leaves and twigs. Its 

 habit of sitting with its wings closed over its back when at rest, 

 added to the colouring and pattern of the underside and their shape 

 make this an easy matter. The resemblance of the insect when at 

 rest on a stem or twig to a dead leaf, always with head pointing 

 downwards as is its habit, has been alluded to more than once already 

 in these papers. It is, as has also been before stated, one of the 

 Leaf-Butterflies of India and the name is known to nearly every- 

 body, if not the insects themselves. The species mentioned here is 

 depicted on coloured plate D, figure 21. The picture is very fairly 

 good, though the colour is somewhat too reddish and the left-hand 

 wing is not green enough. Place your hand over the left wing and 

 the resemblance of the sitting insect to a dead leaf will be at once 

 apparent ; though the particular type of underside chosen for 

 representation is one of the least " dead " of the many types. It 

 is taken from a wet-season male and these are always the most 

 boldly marked and therefore the least " deceptive." Kallima hors- 

 fieldi hardly ever rests on the ground, except when drinking toddy 

 under a palm that is being tapped, and is never seen at flowers ; it 

 is fond of oozing tree juices and the gums exuding from ripe fruits. 

 A whisky and soda in the jungles will often attract more than 

 one. A sponge saturated with toddy is a very good bait, but 

 it must be placed in spots frequented by them. They are 

 difficult to catch with a net because of the sort of places they 

 live in ; it is generally impossible to get a sweep with a decent- 

 sized net, and they are extremely difficult to capture in a small one 

 because of their cpiickness and " deviousness " of flight. So the 

 best dodge to secure specimens is a toddy-sponge on the edge of a 

 cleared space in an evergreen or nalla-bed and a smallish net. It 

 is quite a pleasant occupation on a hot day. 



