COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 299 



in each lunule ; cilia alternately black and white. Forewing : basal area 

 ochraceous red, cell with transverse short bands of black and bluish white ; 

 below the cell : the ochraceous red at base, followed by whitish and then 

 yellow, the disc spotted with black ; the oblique white band as on the 

 upperside, succeeded by a transverse postdiscal series of large black spots 

 ringed narrowly with white with a row of paired black dots beyond and a 

 subterminal, broad, yellow band, its inner margin sinuous. Hindwing : 

 the basal area bluish crossed by broken transverse, broad, black lines and 

 followed by a red, a bluish white, a yellow, a purer white and lastly a sub- 

 terminal yellow band with rows of black spots between ; on the white band 

 a median series of large black spots. Antennae black, head and thorax 

 brownish-black, abdomen ochraceous ; the thorax beneath ochraceous 

 banded with black. Female similar, but the tawny yellow on the upper- 

 side paler, the markings larger and somewhat diffuse. Exp. 72-100 mm. 



Egg. — The egg is cylindrical, round-topped, with a central, flat-bottomed 

 cell surrounded by 7-9 little fossets from each one of which 2 moderately 

 coarse " meridians " or ribs run to the base ; each two ribs are connected 

 by 7-10 parallel, transverse, finer ribs at right angles to them from top to 

 base of the egg. The colour is shiny yellow ; the height considerably more 

 than the diameter. 



Larva (PI. I, fig. 9). — The larva is cylindrical, the head is horned, the 

 body spined ; the colour black, banded broadly red and yellow. The head 

 is square seen from in front, depressed in the centre of vertex with a de- 

 pressed line down centre of face ; the vertex of each lobe surmounted by a 

 long, fine, cylindrical, very finely spined horn, the two diverging and half 

 as long again as the head is high ; the colour of head is black, shiny all 

 ovex*, the surface covered sparsely with fine, erect, black hairs. Segment 2 

 smaller than head. Body quite cylindrical, the anal segment with dorsal 

 slope, nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis of body. Spiracles oval, 

 with raised edges, conspicuous and black. Surface of body velvety, the 

 connecting membrane between segments shiny ; each segment with a sub- 

 dorsal, long, pointed, very finely-tubercled spine ; those of the 14th seg- 

 ment reduced to mere tubercles ; an intersegmental similar, lateral spine 

 between segments 2 and 4 and between segments 3 and 4 ; segments 5-13 

 with a similar central lateral spine, though somewhat shorter ; segments 5-13 

 with a subspiracular similar, still shorter spine ; the subdorsal spines are 

 nearly as long as the head-horns, except those of segment 2 which are slightly 

 shorter. The colour of body is very dark black-red with broad, central bands 

 across the body, transverse to the length, bright red on segments 3-5, 7, 9-13, 

 yellow on segments 6 and 8 ; the horns are shiny black as well as the spines. 

 L : 42 mm. ; B : 6 mm. 



Pupa (PI. 1, fig. 9a). — The pupa is of the shape of Hypolimnas or Kallima, 

 but is abnormal in having some of the abdominal tubercles developed into 

 flattened expansions ; the colour is also somewhat similar though more 

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