SOME BUTTERFLIES FROM THE INDIAN REGION. 759 



between typical patala and taoona as noted by those authors. All have 

 failed at some time or other. An examination of the de Niceville collection 

 series only serves to confirm this. The small oval white spot in interspace 

 1 of the forewing said to be characteristic of taoona occurs singly or in 

 pairs in more than one Himalayan insect and is not invariably present in 

 those from Burma. The number of spots making up the white band on the 

 hindwing varies (being either two or three) in specimens from both places. 

 Nor are the other characteristics of taoona constant in the Burma insects. 



It seems to me either that patala is to be found in Burma or that the two 

 species are synonymous. In any case it is strange that there is no record 

 of the species from the regions between Nepal and Upper Burma. Sikkim, 

 the Naga Hills and the North Chin Hills have all been worked without 

 any trace of the species being found. 

 Euthalia lubentina. Cramer. 



The descriptions of this species in de Niceville's and Bingham's works 

 make no mention of the rather prominent tufts of hair at the base of the 

 hindwing of the male on the upperside. It belongs to the section having 

 secondary sex marks of specialised scales ; but in this species the tufts are 

 prominent enough to call for notice in the description. These hair-like sex 

 marks are also to be found in E. phemius, E. garuda, E. jama and E. kesava, but 

 are less developed in those species. 

 Euthalia garuda. Moore. 



The females of this species, as is well known, show a good deal of vari- 

 ation, but no mention has, as far as I can ascertain, been made of the fact 

 that the various types are, to a large extent, localised. Except in the case 

 of specimens from Northern India, I have not a sufficiently long series to 

 make absolutely definite statements on, but my observations during collect- 

 ing in various parts of India were extensive enough to justify the following 

 remarks : — 



Type I. — A very bright light-greenish brown on upperside, the basal half of 

 both wings a shade darker than the outer half. The white discal spots on 

 the forewing comparatively small, not extending below vein 4, and very 

 indistinct. Submarginal row of black spots on hindwing small. Underside 

 ochraceous throughout, not powdered with dark scales. Markings as on 

 upperside. This type is the only one found in Northern India, and is pro- 

 bably the dry tract form. It also occurs occasionally in Bengal. 



Type II. — Upperside of same general tint as in Type I., but richer and 

 darker. Discal spots on forewing very white and distinct, consisting of an 

 almost unbroken band to vein 4 and two well-separated spots in interspaces 

 3 and 2. Beyond the band a diffuse creamy powdering, and a whitish streak 

 along costa from the uppermost spot to another very white spot halfway 

 to apex. Subterminal black spots on hindwing very small, obsolescent. 



