THE BIRDS OF KOHAT AND THE KURRAM VALLEY. 791 



[792.] Emberiza leucocephala. The Pine-Bunting. 

 Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv., p. 604 (common in winter) ; Ward, op. cit. 

 xvii., p. 485 (occurs in early spring) ; Perreau, op. cit. xviii., p. 186 

 (specimen shot : Chitral) . 

 52. $ ad. Raisan, 2,300 ft., 25th December. 

 103. d ad. Kohat, 1,700 ft., 5th February. 

 640. 6 ad. Hangu, 2,700 ft., 3rd March. 



A winter visitor, occurring in small flocks from December till March about 

 cultivated places, often in company with E. stracheyi. 



[793.] Emberiza stewarti. The White-capped Bunting. 

 Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv., p. 604 (Quetta : common in summer) ; Fulton, 

 op. cit. xvi., p. 55 (Chitral : very common from 5,000 to 12,000 ft.) ; Rattray 

 t. c. p. 672 (Murree Hills : common) ; Betham, t. c. p. 832 (nests round 

 Quetta) ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 485 (rare). 

 648. d ad. Darband, 2,800 ft., 6th March. 

 725. 6 ad. Kohat, 1,760 ft., 22nd „ 

 778. J ad. Kachai, 2,700 ft., 1st April. 



A common resident on the Samana and in the Kurram Valley, nesting up 

 to 10,000 feet. In winter it is found in varying numbers throughout Kohat 

 above 3,000 feet, wherever there is a good supply of grass and other seeds. 

 During cold spells, however, and on migration large numbers appear in 

 the plains, but they keep chiefly to scrub-jungle, olive-groves, and rocky 

 valleys, avoiding cultivation. 



[794.] Emberiza stracheyi. The Eastern Meadow-Bunting. 

 Watson, J. B. N. H. S. xv. p. 145 (one shot in November: Chaman) ; 

 Fulton, op. cit. xvi., p. 55 (abundant from 4,000 to 14,000 ft., according to 

 season) ; Rattray, t. c. p. 672 (nests freely in the Murree Hills) ; Ward, op. 

 cit. xvii., p. 485 (resident: Kashmir). 



53. $ . Raisan, 2,300 ft., 25th December. 

 60. $ . Kohat, 1,760 ft., 2nd January. 

 124. $. „ „ 19th February. 



A winter visitor to Kohat and by far our commonest Bunting from the 

 second week in October till April, occurring at all elevations and on all sorts 

 of ground, though more commonly about cultivated places than elsewhere. 

 On the Samana it quite takes the place of Passer domesticus in winter. It 

 nests fairly commonly on the Safed Koh up to 11,000 feet. 

 [795.] Emberiza buchanani. The Grey-necked Bunting. 

 Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv., p. 604 (common in April near Quetta) ; Ward 

 op. cit. xvii. p. 485 (a rare spring migrant) ; Perreau, op. cit. xviii., p. 186 

 (Chitral). 



Not an uncommon species on the spring passage from the middle of April 

 to the middle of May. It frequents stony ground covered with patches of 

 scrub, usually singly or in pairs. On the autumn migration I only observed 



