THE BIRDS OF KOHAT AND THE KURRAM VALLEY. 797 



Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 341 (Thall : common in winter) ; Ward, op. 

 cit. xvii. p. 723. 



140. $ ad. Kohat, 1,760 ft., 11th March. 



145. $ ad. „ „ 15th March. 



151. S ad. „ „ 17th March. 



A summer visitor, arriving early in March and breeding in numbers 

 on the grass-farm and other suitable places. Colonel Rattray must, 

 I think, have mistaken A. canijjestris (which I have shot at Thall) for this 

 species. 



[848.] Anthus campestrjs. The Tawny Pipit. 



Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv. p. 605 (Quetta : winter visitor). 

 69. 2 ad. Kohat, 1,760 ft., 7th January. 



142. S ad. „ „ 13th March. 



485. $ ad. Thall, 2,500 ft., 14th April. 

 492. S ad. „ „ 16th April. 



Fairly numerous from the middle of September till the middle of April, 

 chiefly frequenting dry open country, and not found much about cultivated 

 ground. Not observed on the Samana or in the Kurram Valley. 



[850.] Anthus kosacetjs. Hodgson's Pipit. 



Ward, J. B. N. H. S. xvii. p. 723 (breeds freely in Kashmir). 



298. S ■ Safed Koh, 12,000 ft., 2nd July. 



486. J ad. Thall, 2,550 ft., 14th April. 

 586. Juv. Kohat, 1,850 ft., 15th February. 



Flocks composed chiefly of immature birds visit the District from Janu- 

 ary till mid-April, frequenting, for the most part, marshes and irrigated 

 land. This species nests freely on the Safed Koh, from 11,000 to 13,000 

 feet. I found two nests in June, both under stones, perfectly concealed, 

 and well and solidly constructed of roots and grass. In one case I surprised 

 the bird excavating the hollow under a stone for the nest. Not noted in 

 autumn. 



Anthus spipoletta clakistoni (Hartert Vog. Pal. Fauna I. p. 228.) 

 The Central Asian Water-Pipit. 



387. 2 • Samana, 28th October 1906. 



568. cJ juv. Kohat, 1,760 ft., 7th February. 



622. S ad. „ „ 29th February. 



632. <j ad. „ „ 1st March. 



636. S ad. „ „ 2nd March. 



646, 647. S 2 ad. Samana, 6,500 ft., 5th March. 



A winter visitor, and by far our commonest Pipit from early in October 

 till about the 18th of March. It moults into the beautiful summer plumage 

 before leaving. A few individuals are to be found on the dry rocky 

 summit of the Samana all the winter. No. 568 is a dusky specimen. 

 32 



