820 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol. XX. 



Herbs, erect, with Opposite Exstipulate Simple Leaves. 



Leaf Margins Toothed. 



Petals United. 



Spilanthes acmelia, 



Aharkarha, pokar-mal. 



Composite. 



F. B. I. iii. 307. 



The Plains to 5,000 ft. 



Dharmpur. 



Flowers, Minute, in Heads. 



medium size, annual, velvety or hairy ; leaves 

 f-lij in., ovate, lanceolate, stalked, toothed, some- 

 times entire, flowers white or yellow in discoid or 

 rayed conical heads, -|-§ in. long, solitary on long 

 stalks, bracts of the heads green, lanceolate in two 

 rows, receptacle conical, covered with concave 

 scales, pappus none or 1 or 2 bristles, outer ray 

 flowers one row, female, white or yellow, ligule 

 short; inner disk flowers 2-sexual, tubular, 4-5 

 toothed ; achenes flattened, enclosed in a scale. 

 The seeds are pungent and are used medicinally 

 for toothache and as a pot herb. 



Guizotia abyssinica, medium size, annual, velvety, leafy upwards, 



Composure. stout ; leaves 3-5 in., upper often alternate, ovate- 



F. B. I. iii. 307. lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, or linear, sessile, 



The Plains east of the half stem-clasping, blunt-pointed, sharply toothed, 

 Sutlej (Gurgaon.) flowers inner tubular, outer ligulate, yellow in stalk- 

 ed axillary or terminal heads |--1 in. diam., bracts of 

 heads 5, almost in two series, outer almost leaf-like, 

 broadly oblong or ovate, blunt, green, inner like the 

 scales of the floor of the head, pappus hairs none, 

 outer corollas ligulate, few, 2-3-toothed, inner tubu- 

 lar 5-toothed, anther bases abrupt, entire, style 

 arms hairy, achenes smooth, flattened, tip rounded. 



Bidens cernua, 



Composite. 

 F. B. I. iii. 309. 

 Kashmir. 



Chamba, 5-6,000 ft. 

 (Thompson.) 



medium size, stout, annual, smooth ; leaves 3-5 

 in., toothed, base sometimes nearly united ; flowers 

 yellow in drooping clustered or nearly solitary 

 discoid heads, §-1 in. diam., bracts in 2 rows, unit- 

 ed below, outer green, inner dry, thin, receptacle 

 scales narrow, flat nearly as long as the flowers, 

 pappus of 2-4 stiff, barbed bristles, flowers tubular, 

 5-toothed, achenes flattened, slender, black, some- 

 times thickened and armed with recurved spines. 



