THE BIRDS OF KOHAT AND THE KURRAM VALLE1 . 961 



(Quetta : common in summer) ; Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 59 (Chitral : summer 

 visitor from March till September) ; Rattray, t. c. p. 662 (common in the 

 Murree Hills) ; Cumming. t. c. p. 691 (occasionally seen in Seistan) ; Ward, 

 op. cit. xvii. p. 728. 



The common Scavenger Vulture of the District. A resident everywhere, • 

 except on the Samana and in the Kurram Valley, which it leaves on the • 

 approach of winter, returning early in March with Passer domesticus. Scarce 

 in the Kurram Valley, though we noted it up to the head (7,000 feet). 

 [1199.] GYPiETUS babbatus. The Lammergeier. 



Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 343 (common at Thall) ; Marshall, op. cit. 

 xv. p. 352 (Quetta : very common and nests) ; Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 59 

 (Chitral : a common resident) ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 928 (common ; nests 

 in February and March). 



Common and found everywhere from the plains to the summit of the 

 Safed Koh, though seldom seen in the plains from June till October. 

 [1200.] Aquila chrys^tus. 



I have now seen the Golden Eagle in its summer-quarters in the Kaghan 

 Valley, and feel fairly certain that the Eagle with the rufous-buff nape, 

 which frequents the low rocky hills in Kohat in winter, is of this species. 

 It is a regular visitor, but not common, and is not seen on the grass farm — 

 the rendezvous of A. heliaca, bifasciata, vindhiana, and maculata — nor 

 fighting over carrion, monitor lizards, &c, as these other species do, but is 

 usually found singly in desolate country. 



[1201.] Aquila heliaca. The Imperial Eagle. 

 Ward, J. B. N. H. S. xvii. p. 728 (an uncommon winter visitor). 

 A fairly common winter visitor. Mr. Donald has seen one give chase to a 

 Laggar Falcon, and finally force it to drop its prey. Immature birds of 

 this genus are frequently seen about the grass-farm feeding on offal, mole- 

 rats, &c. 

 [1202.] Aquila bifasciata. The Steppe-Eagle. 

 Ward, J. B. N. H. S. xvii. p. 336 (abundant in Kashmir). 

 772. S imm. Kohat. 1,900 ft., 1st April. 



Fairly common in winter, but those seen were mostly immature birds. 

 [1203.] Aquila vixdhiaxa. The Tawny Eagle. 

 Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xxii. p. 343 ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 728. 

 Fairly plentiful in the cold weather and probably resident. Mr. Donald 

 told me that in May 1907, when swarms of young locusts were devastating 

 Kohat, he counted in one spot alone thirty-five of these Eagles which had 

 apparently been gorging on the locusts. Colonel Rattray writes that 

 in the Tirah Campaign he often saw this species feeding in company with 

 Vultures on dead transport animals near Thall. 



[1205.] Aquila maculata. The Large Spotted Eagle. 

 Ward, J. B. N. H. S. xviii. p. 464 (Badarwa, Kashmir). 



