COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 1133 



and subdorsal tubercles : these two tubercles are both white, being on the 

 band: the band extends out in front from the base of the subdorsal 

 tubercle to anterior margin of segment in a square patch, and has a small 

 indentation on the dorsal line. The colour of scent-organs is orange. 

 Colour otherwise the same as P. hector. L : 30mm ; B: 8mm. 



Pupa. — Exactly similar in every way to P. hector except that the ear-like 

 processes are longer in proportion to the size of the pupa ; the top of 

 segment 2 is covered with a shiny red-brown colour as also the front part 

 of the flat dorsal portion of segments 5, 6, 7. The pupa is somewhat 

 smaller in size than that of P. hector. 



Habits. — Identical with those of P. hector. Like the larva of 

 that species, that of this is also badly parasitised by the same 

 small wasp that attacks P. minos. The imago is found in N.-W. 

 India; Sikkim ; W. and S.India; Ceylon; Assam; Burma; Tan- 

 nasserim ; extending east to China and Siam and south to 

 Malacca, Java and the Philippines. It is found practically all 

 over India in the Plains and is one of the commonest of butter- 

 flies. It has a similar flight to the two preceding species though 

 it is weaker on the wing. In the coloured figure there is too much 

 red in the PTOund colour. The red on the underside of hindwing- 

 is not brilliant enough. 



80. Papilio demoleus, L. (PL Do, fig. 28). — Male and female upperd&e 

 black. Forewing with the base below the cell and basal half or latter so 

 irrorated with yellow scales as to form more or less complete, transverse, 

 dotted lines ; two outwardly oblique, yellow spots in cell and a curved 

 spot at its upper apex ; a spot at base and another beyond it in interspace 

 8 ; a discal, transverse series of cream-yellow spots, irregular in arrange- 

 ment and size, extends from interspace is la to 8 ; the series interrupted in 

 interspace 5 and the spot in interspace 7 double ; this is followed by a 

 similar, postdiscal series of spots and an admarginal, terminal series of 

 smaller spots. In many specimens, between the discal and postdiscal 

 series the black ground-colour is irrorated with yellowish scales. Hindwing 

 base, and edging that decreases in width along the dorsal margin, irrorated 

 with yellow scales ; followed by a broad, medial, yellow, irregular band, a 

 sinuous, postdiscal series of outwardly emarginate, yellow spots and a ter- 

 m inal series of smaller, similarly coloured spots as on the forewing. The 

 inner margin of the medial band is curved inwards, the outer margin is 

 very irregular and uneven ; in the cell the band does not reach the apex, 

 but beyond the cell there are one or more cream-yellow spots and the black 

 ground-colour is irrorated with yellowish scales : finally at the tornal angle 

 there is an oval, ochraceous-red spot emarginate on its inner side in the 



HO 



