COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 1135 



5 is bordered narrowly with a curved black line, and does not reach the 

 base of the legs, the part below, as well as abdomen and legs, being a dirty 

 transparent white. On segments 8 and 9 is a diagonal band reaching from 

 centre of segment 9 near dorsum to the anterior margin of segment 8 at 

 white, spiracular, marginal line : this band is irregular in contour and- 

 coloured yellow-brown, spotted with lighter colour. There is a patch 

 similar in colour to this band at posterior lower margin of segment 10, and 

 two small, similarly coloured spots on hind margin of same on each side of 

 dorsal line. Prolegs large and fleshy. The bands are sometimes obso- 

 lescent, osmetria flesh coloured. L : 33mm ; B : 7mm. 



Pupa. — Head like pamon or daksha with two projections out in front, 

 these projections short, broad, diverging, toothed slightly on the in- 

 side, ridged on top, and separated widely and squarely by a sharp 

 ridge forming the front margin of head. Front of head-segment is 

 sloping, hind margin is flat. Segment "2 is broad and flatly concave on top. 

 Thorax is parallel-sided, shoulders being slightly prominent, the front 

 dorsal slope nearly perpendicular to plane of segment 2, this front slope 

 being overhung by the apex which is produced into a short, square-topped 

 projection ; from the top of this projection two ridges diverge to the 

 back margin of thorax — slight ridges — between which the surface is flat 

 transversely, although longitudinally slightly convex. The sides of thorax 

 are slightly convex. The abdomen, dorsally on segments 4 to 8, is rather 

 flat, the wing expansions are very slight, so that the pupa at segment 7 is 

 very little broader than at the shoulders. The abdomen is cylindrical in 

 section, except the last two segments which are square. The cremaster 

 ends off square and is rather broad. There are a pair of very small tu- 

 bercles at the base of each of the head projections on the top of the head, 

 and a subdorsal one on each of the segments 8 to 11. The projection of 

 the ventral line of junction of the wing cases is accentuated, and broadly 

 parabolic. The surface of each wing-case is flat. The inclination of the 

 dorsal line of the first four segments to the rest is about 120°. Spiracles 

 oval, small, inconspicuous, raised, sunk in pits. Surface very finely but 

 moderately deeply pitted all over. The colour is generally green with a 

 more or less great quantity of yellow marking dorsally on abdomen ; when 

 the pupa is formed in a cage and not among leaves it is generally different 

 shades of browns and greys. L : 30mm. ; B : 10mm. 



Habits. — The egg is laid on the top surface of a leaf. The 

 young caterpillar that emerges is one of those that, from the next 

 stage on until the last but one, imitates a bird-dropping ; it is 

 somewhat yellower in shade than that of P. polytes. The pupa is 

 formed on the underside of a leaf, against a stalk or twig, &c. ; 

 and the loop is rather short that supports it. It is a good deal 



