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INDIAN DUCKS AND THEIR ALLIES. 201 
as red and bright red. Naumann says that in the young itis dark- 
brown—then nut-brown, in males of the second year brownish-grey, 
later light ash-grey, and in very old males a pure pearl colour or 
bluish- white. 
“ The bill is, as a rule, a delicate pale plumbeous, sometimes a clearer 
and bluer tint, sometimes duskier, and, in some specimens, young 
of both sexes and old females, it has been almost black. 
“The nail is generally brownish, horny whitish at the extreme 
tip, but in some it has been bluish-white throughout, and in some 
almost black throughout. 
“ The legs and feet vary from pale blue-grey to plumbeous and 
dark lavender ; the webs, except just where they join the toes, being 
dusky to black, and the claws brownish-black. Often there is an 
olive tinye on the tarsi, and occasionally, inthe young only I think, 
both these and the toes exhibit small dusky spots and patches” 
(Hume). 
© Length 17" to 181"; wing 7°55" to 8°32" ; tail from vent 3°35)! to 
4°1"; tarsus 1'2" to 1:31"; bill from gape 1°63" to 1°72"; weight 1 Ib. 
4 ozs. to 1 lb. 12 oz.” (Hume), 
Female.—The black lorial patch in the male is replaced by rich 
dark brown, almost black in very old females; whole upper head, 
crest and nape ferruginous-brown, richest and reddest at the end of 
the crest. Upper back grey-brown, changing te blackish-brown on 
the lower back and again to dark grey-brown on the rump, upper 
tail coverts and tail ; wings like those of-the male, but the inner gecon- 
daries darker and browner and the lesser coverts brown instead of 
black ; breast mottled grey ; rest of lower plumage white, the flanks 
more or less mettled with dark brown, axillaries white. 
The colour of the soft parts would seem to be the same in the females 
as im the males, but the irides are always brown. 
* Length 15°5" to 16°75" ; wing 7:01" to 7°38"; tail from ‘vert 3°3" 
to 3°9" ; tarsus 1:11" to 1' 19"; bill from gape 1° 49! to 1:6"; weight 1 Ih, 
to 1 ib, 64 ozs.” (Hume), 
Male in post-nuptial plumage assumes the sities of the female, 
but appears to have the white wing bar larger and the lesser wing 
coverts darker. They also “ shew the two dark crescentic bands on the 
breast” (Salvadori). 
