THE FERNS OF NORTH-WESTERN INDIA, _ 455 
base of each costa. The involucres are olive-green or olive-brown. The 
pinnee in large fronds are sometimes almost completely pinnate, but the pinnules 
are sessile with a broad base. In a frond from the Mackinnons [ find the 
terminal pinna 13 in. |. by 54 in. br., and a pair of side pinnee 13 in, by 6 in. 
The fern loves water. 
Sub-genus Paisra, St. Hilaire.. 
8. P. aquilina, L. ; Syn. Fil. 115; C. R. 468 ; Bedd., H. B. 115.. 
TRANS-IND. STATES : Baraul 7000’, Harriss, Gatacre. 
KasHMirn: Gilgit —Shankargarh (?) Dr. Giles ; Gulmarg, syaeriann Sonamarg. 
PunsAB: Hazara.—Black Mt,, Duthie, near Thandiana 8000', Trotter. Chamba ; 
Kuliu; Simla Reg.: common. 
N.-W. P.: D. D. Dist. ; common in the Himalaya, and once seen in the Dun near 
foot of hills below 8000’, Hope; 7. Garh. ; Kumaun. 
DistRis.—*“ All round the world, both within the Tropics, and in the North and 
South Temperate Zones, unless it be absent from South Temperate America, from which 
there are no specimens in Kew Herbarium (Syn. Fil.), 8. Amer, Brazil, var. esculenta. 
Europe: universal, except in the extreme north, and never an Alpine plant: range in 
the British Isles said to agree closely with that of corn cultivation, and in the Scottish 
Highlands never above 2000'” (Britten, in “European Ferns”). Asia: N..Ind. 
(Him.) very common ; Assam—Khasi Hills 2-8000’, common. 8S. Ind.—Decean; 
Madras Presidency. Burma-—Tenasserim. Malay Penins.,and Hastward to Australia 
and N. Zeal. Afr,: Cameroon Mts. ; Abyssinia. 
This fern is so common in the Himalaya that few specimens ate to be found 
in herbariums in the North-West. Bat I have never seen such thickets and 
fields of it as are common in the United Kingdom. 
Sub-genus Campreria, Presi. 
9. P. biaurita, L. ; Syn. Fil, 164; C.R. 469. Campteria biaurita, L. 
(under Péeris), Bedd., H. B. 116. 
N-W. P.: D. D. Dist.—In the; Din 2000’ and upwards, by streams or springs, 
Mackinnons, Hope; Garhwal—Clarke ; Kumaun—Barmdeo, 900’, 8, and W.; Gola 
Valley 3-4000’, Hope. 
DIsTRIB.—The following is the entry in Wallich’s Catalogue, under 106, Pteris 
nemoralzs, Willd., which is given as a synonym by Clarke, though not by Willdenow 
himself, who says they are different :—“ Pterts nemoralis, Wild. species admodum 
varians. 
I. Napalia, 1820, ‘ est Pt. biawrita’ 
(in Hook’s writing). 
2, Penang, 1822, ‘est Pt. biaurita ’ Kumaun, R. B. 
Cin Hook’s writing), Pi. biaurita and Pt. quadriaurita: 
3. Hurdwar et Dehra Din, 1825. Herb. Hegra.”’ 
The plant seems to be found in almost all the warm parts of the globe :—Amer.— 
Trop.: from the W. Ind. southward to Brazil. Asia: N. Ind. (Him. and Sub-Him, 
Valleys)—Sikkim and Bhotan,. up to 6000’; Assam—Dharang, Khasia 0-6000’ 
Bengal—extending over the plains to Dhaka, Pubna, &c., Parasnfth Mt. 4400+. 
8 
Montes Ave, 1826.. 
Montes ad Sylhet, De Silva. 
ND om me 
