680 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XIII, 
illustrated by the mammals with bats omitted. Of forty-one genera occur- 
ing in the Himalayas three are not found in the hills south of Assam or in 
Burma, whilsi sixteen are wanting in the Cisgangetic region, It should be 
remembered that a large number of the genera are widespread forms, As the 
result is not in agreement with the views of some who have written on the 
subject, the relations of species have been examined, It results that eighty- 
one species of mammalia belonging to the orders Primates, Carnivora, Insec- 
tivora, Rodentia, and Ungulata are recorded from the forest regions of the 
Himalayas. Of these 2 are doubtful, 22 are not known to occur south of the 
Himalayan range in India or Burma, 21 are wide ranging forms and are found 
in both Burma and the Indian Peninsula, 1 only (Hystria leucura) is 
common to the Himalayan forests and the Indian Peninsula, but does not 
range east of the Bay of Bengal, whilst 35 are found in the countries east of 
the Bay of Bengal, but not in the Peninsula south of the Ganges. Of the 35 
8 only range as far as the hills south of the Assam Valley, 16 to Burma 
proper, and 11 to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, Or, in other words, 
of the 79 Himalayan species 56 or 70 per cent, are common to the Trans- 
gangetic region, and only 22 or 28 per cent. to the Cisgangetic, Of the 22 
| species not ranging south of the Himalayas a large majority are either Holarc- 
tic species or belong to Holarctic genera, 
The fauna of the Himalayan forest area is partly Holarctic, partly Indo- 
Malay. Itis remarkably poor, when compared with the Cisgangetic and 
Burmese faunas, in reptiles and batrachians, It also contains but few peculiar 
-genera of mammals and birds, and almost all the peculiar types that 
do occur have Holarctic affinities, The Oriental element in the fauna is very 
richly represented in the Eastern Himalayas and gradually diminishes to the 
westward, untilin Kashmir and farther west it ceases to be the principal. 
constituent, These facts are consistent with the theory that the Oriental 
constituent of the Himalayan fauna, or the greater portion of it, has migrated 
into the mountains from the eastward at a comparatively recent period. It is 
an important fact that this migration appears to have been from Assam and 
not from the Peninsula of India. 
_ V. Southern Tenasserim agrees best in its vertebrata with the Malay Penin- 
sula, and should be included in the Malayan sub-region of the Indo-Malay 
region, 
The continental area of the Indo-Malay or Oriental region is divided into 
three sub-regions, Cisgangetic, Transgangetic and Malayan. 
There are several points left which require explanation, There is the much 
greater richness of the Oriental constituent in the Cisgangetic fauna to the 
southward in Malabar and Ceylon, although this is far away fromthe main 
Oriental area, and the occurrence also in the southern part of the Peninsula of 
various mammalian, reptilian, and batrachian genera, such as Loris, Tragulus> 
Draco, Liolepis, and Iculus, which are represented in Burma and the Malay 
