710- JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Vol, XIII. 
learned how an Indian shepherd protects his sheep from wolves and other 
wild animals when feeding in the jungle by day, and from thieves at wight, 
with the assistance of these large and fierce dogs, that in the performance of 
their duty, will go at a man as willingly as they would at a wolf or any other 
wild beast, though, strange to say, away from the flock they become cowards 
-at once, 
At first I thought the sum of money given by the inspector to the shepherd 
excessively large, but afterwards I understood how it was almost impossible 
that money could make good to the man the loss he had sustained. In 
talking to him, I got him to explain to me how these dogs were trained, and 
why they were so very brave and fierce, He said that the custom of the 
shepherds was, when they wanted to traina dog, to take a male pup from 
the litter as soon as it could see, while they were careful that the father and 
mother were of as large and heavy a breed as possible, This puppy would 
be given to some ewe who had lost her little one, and was suckled by her, 
At first she had to be held down for the purpose, but in about three weeks’ 
time she would become accustomed to being the dog’s wet nurse, and would 
take to the little animal. As soonas the puppy could run about properly, 
it would be allowed to run alongside its foster-mother to the jungle, where 
she would go daily with the flock. ; 
Care was taken that the ewe in question should remain, wwing to her 
peculiar duties, an unusually long time in milk, so the puppy was well 
nurtured in its infancy, and invariably turned out a larger and heavier 
animal than its parents, this being also partly due to the fact that he was 
castrated when about a month and a half old, From always going out with 
the flock, life among the sheep became the dog’s second nature, and when it 
no longer got milk from its foster mother, the shepherd would feed it well 
with milk from the other sheep, and bread broken into the milk. And when 
from any accidental cause a sheep died, its carcase would be divided among 
the dogs of the flock, Finally, the puppy being full grown, would be turned 
out of the flock at night time, and would sleep outside the door of the thorn 
enclosure with the other dogs, generally round a fire made of dried sheep’s 
droppings. 
A large flock of sheep generally requires six, seven, or eight dogs, all 
educated in the way I have described. Hvery day after the sun has well risen 
and dried the dew off the grass, the flock is taken into the jungle to graze. 
As they start, one dog goes to each of the four corners of the flock, and 
remains about sixty or eighty yards from it, The rest of the dogs follow with 
the shepherd, Should a wolf appear, the dog at the corner nearest to him 
gives a bark, on which the dogs with the shepherd, who is always behind 
the flock, rush towards the warning voice to assist in repelling the intruder, 
but the other three sentinel dogs remain still at their posts. What is going 
on elséwhere is no business of theirs, They haye only to give the alarm 
un - 
