A REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN TURRID®—HEDLEY. 273 
effuse exteriorly. Outer lip strongly inflected. Aperture about a quarter 
of the total height. Sculpture:—Prominent rounded ribs, suddenly 
swelling on the periphery, but not extending to either base or suture. 
The whole shell, except the nucleus, is usually over-run by fine, dense, 
beaded threads. Colour white, ranging through buff and brown to 
chocolate, variously disposed, but frequently with a dark patch on the 
lip at the right insertion, and another near the canal. Fasciole not 
differentiated by sculpture from the rest of the whorl. Type Mangilia 
(Glyphostoma) alicic Melvill and Standen, 1895. 
This group has been included by most recent writers in Glyphostoma, 
a genus whose history therefore acquires an interest in this connection. 
Briefly it is sketched thus: 
For a West Indian Turrid, G. dentifera, having an aperture toothed 
almost as strongly as that of Cypraea, Dr. W. M. Gabb® proposed in 1872 
a new genus, Glyphostoma. Soon afterwards Semper ® re-crouped under 
Glyphostomu the following tropical Indo-Pacific species :—WM. spurca, cinerea, 
candida, and argillacea Hinds; M. roseotincta Montrouzier; and M. obesa 
Garrett. An Australian species in the form of G. paucimaculata was 
added by Angas.*? In the hands of Bouge and Dautzenberg this genus 
aggreeated a considerable number of new New Caledonian species. A 
revulsion then occurred, and Schepman and Melvill have lately transferred 
several of these Indo-Pacific Glyphostoma to Lienardia. 
Hervier ® had already noticed that several species grouping round 
G. crassilabrum Reeve were distinguishable from the body of the genus as 
he knew it. 
Dr. W. H. Dall with his usual kindness guve me, in addition to a 
characteristic specimen, the benefit of his experience. With reference to 
Glyphostoma he writes :—‘It appears to me a good genus. The shell is 
essentially like the shells Carpenter used to call Clathwrella (not the genus 
Defrancia), but is larger, and is especially characterised by the denticulate 
calluses on the pillar lip and onter varix. It has no operculum. The 
protoconch is sharply carinate, and the shell is invariably more or less 
axially ribbed and with some spiral sculpture.” 
Comparing an example of G. gabbi Dall with the so-called Australian 
Glyphostoma, I find that in each the protoconch is on the same general 
plan—a small smooth helicoid tip of a whorl and a half, followed by one 
or two whorls with a sharp peripheral keel. In the fasciole there is a 
marked distinction. Glyphostoma has the fasciole on the larger whorls 
traced by discrepant sculpture, but in Htrema the fasciole is obliterated in 
a sculpture uniform with the rest of the shell. In Htrema the tubercles 
of the columella never ascend to the parietal wall. In other features of 
the aperture there is a general resemblance. 
6’ Gabb—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1872, p. 270, pl. xi., fig. 4. 
66 Semper — Verh. Ver. Hamburg, ii., 1876, pp. 199-203. 
si Ancas—Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 416. 
ss Hervier—Journ. de Conch., xliy., 1896, p. 85. 
