MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. RG 
elevated shell which I described from what was then Nebraska as Helix Coopert. 
(See Vol. IV. Pl. LXXVII. Fig. 11.) Equally confident was Dr. Newcomb that 
the small, carinated, lenticular shell described by him from Nevada as Helix 
Hemphilli was new to science. Subsequently, Dr. Gabb described as Helix 
Haydeni what appeared to be a distinct species with heavy revolving ribs, 
More recently authors less acquainted with the group have added to the sy- 
nonymy by describing under the names of H. militaris and H. Bruneri what 
appeared to them to be new species. When the researches of Mr. Hemphill 
and others had brought large numbers of specimens from many localities in the 
Central Province, it became evident that what had appeared distinct species 
were connected by intermediate forms, and therefore should be considered va- 
rieties only. Even Helix Idahoensis also seemed to be but an aberrant form of 
the same protean species. Then came the explorations of Mr. Hemphill in 
Utah, bringing to light several more well-marked varieties, constant in their 
respective localities, several of which would be recognized by most naturalists 
as good species. Mr. Hemphill has distributed these as var. Wasatchensis, 
Oquirrhensis, Newcombi, Gouldi, Binney, albofasciata, castanea, Utahensis, Gab- 
biana, multicostata,—names printed in his catalogue, though as yet unaccom- 
panied by descriptions or figures, 
I here propose treating separately each of these marked varieties. It must 
be borne in mind that in each form there is found considerable variation in 
size, in elevation of spire, and breadth of umbilicus. 
The geographical range of the group is very great. Though Idahoensis, Hay- 
deni, and most of Mr. Hemphill’s varieties are restricted to narrow limits, the 
forms usually referred to strigosa and Coopert have been found from the Lake 
of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains in the British Possessions on the north, 
to numerous localities in New Mexico and Arizona on the south. The eastern 
boundary is the main range of the Rocky Mountains, but in Wyoming and 
Dakota (as now constituted) it is found more easterly, even in the Black Hills 
at longitude 104° in the southwestern corner of Dakota, the original locality of 
Coopert. It was not, however, found by Mr. Hempbill at Helena, Montana, 
nor nearer to it than a point two hundred miles south on the road to Salt Lake 
City. On the west, it ranges to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains, 
and passes the latter even to the Pacific Ocean, though the specimens collected 
from time to time west of the Cascades in Washington Territory and Oregon 
may have been individuals brought down by the Columbia River from the 
regions east of the Cascades, or colonies descended from such. I doubt the 
species being really an inhabitant of the Pacific Region. 
It was Mr. Hemphill who called my attention to this explanation of the 
presence in the Pacific Province of Central Province species. I cannot do 
better than quote his words: “I have no evidence of Patula strigosa having 
crossed the summit of the main range of the Sierra Nevada to the westward 
and entered the Pacific Province. The Cascade range of mountains in Ore- 
gon is, as you are aware, a continuation of the Sierra Nevada. It crosses the 
