22 Bcniicc P. Bishop Miiscuiii — Bulletin 



approaches solution to the extent that orijj^inal physical characteristics may 

 be correlated with original cultural elements. 



Although the results obtained by the members of the Bayard Dominick 

 Expedition have not as yet been subjected to critical analysis and com- 

 parison, some interesting general conclusions have been reached. 



The Polynesian population consists of at least two basic elements 

 and the failure to recognize them appears to account for the wide diversity 

 of opinion regarding origin and affinities of the Pacific races. 



Type A, which may be considered Polynesian proper, is a Caucasoid 

 element with physical characteristics intermediate between some Causasians 

 and some Mongols. It may prove to be a very primitive Causasian type 

 related to the earliest inhabitants of Micronesia, Melanesia. Indonesia, and 

 to the Aino of Japan and to some primitive Americans. It is probably 

 the oldest type in central and eastern Pacific and occupied all the Poly- 

 nesian islands. At present it is strongest in southern Polynesia. 



The characteristic features of Type A are (i) tall stature, (2) 

 moderately long heads, (3) relatively high, narrow faces, (4) relatively 

 high, narrow noses, (5) straight or wavy black hair of medium texture, 

 (6) well-developed moustache and moderate beard on the chin, (7) 

 moderate amount of hair on the body and limbs, (8) light brown skin, (9) 

 incisor rim present occasionally, (10) femur flattened. (11) tibia flattened. 

 (12) ulna flattened, (13) lips above average in thickness. 



Type B is the Indonesian element typically developed in the region 

 of the Celebes. It is a Mongoloid type but unlike the Malay, is strongly 

 divergent in the direction of the Negro. Hybrids of Type A and Type !'> 

 are much more Mongoloid in appearance than is either of the parental 

 types. Type B is strongest in northern and central Polynesia. 



The essential physical characteristics of Type B are: (i) shorter 

 stature, (2) shorter heads, (3) low, broad faces, (4) low, broad noses, 

 (5) wavier hair, (6) undeveloped beard, (7) body hair rare except on 

 the legs, (8) darker brown skin, (9) incisor rim rare, (10), (11), (12) 

 femur, tibia and ulna less flattened (data meager, results inferred). (1,^1 

 lips well above the average in thickness. 



Type A, Polynesian, and Type B, Indonesian, are not closely related 

 in a physical sense. 



A third element in the Polynesian population is characterized by 

 extremely short heads, narrow faces, narrow noses, light skin and well 

 developed beard and body hair. Representatives of this element have 

 not been found in Polynesia in sufficient numbers to justify specific des- 

 cription. When studied in a region where it is well represented, this 

 element may prove of sufficient importance to be recognized as Type C. 



