406 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Connecticut: Colebrook, 1,500 ft. (Wheeler). 
Michigan: Isle Royale (O. McCreary). 
Wisconsin: White Fish Bay, near Milwaukee (Wheeler); Beaver 
Lake (C. E. Brown). 
Illinois: Rockford (Wheeler). 
This subspecies, in color and pilosity at least, is more closely related 
to the typical European sanguinea than is any of the other North 
Americanforms. The distribution shows that it is an essentially boreal 
ant. From a study of it in the type locality, Forel concluded that its 
colonies contain no slaves. I have shown, however, that the female 
aserva establishes her colony with the aid of workers of F. fusca or 
its var. subsericea pillaged as pupae, but that the colony eventually 
becomes a pure aserva colony, because the workers of this subspecies 
fail to inherit their mother’s predatory and dulotic instincts. This 
explains why Forel failed to find any fusca workers in the large. colo- 
nies which he examined at Toronto. I have seen only two male speci- 
mens of aserva, both from South Harpswell, Maine, and one of these 
was immature. 
7. F. SANGUINEA RUBICUNDA Emery. 
F.. sanguinea subsp. rubicunda Emery, Zool. jahrb. Syst., 1893, 7, p. 647, pl. 
22, fig. 2, 8 9; Wheeler, Amer. nat., 1901, 35, p. 711; Bull. Amer. 
mus. nat. hist., 1906, 22, p. 74; Ants, 1910, p. 458, 570. 
WorkKeER. Length 5-7 mm. 
Head shaped much as in the European sanguinea, with rather 
straight converging sides, feebly excised posterior border and promi- 
nent posterior angles; clypeal notch shallower and less pronounced; 
antennal scapes but slightly enlarged at their tips. Petiole broad, 
with thin, rather sharp superior border, usually notched in the middle. 
Body, especially the gaster, somewhat more shining than in the 
typical sanguinea, owing to the pubescence being a little shorter and 
sparser. 
Hairs, especially on the gaster, longer and more abundant, usually 
of arich golden yellow color, but sometimes grayish or whitish. Hairs 
on the dorsal surface of the head, pro- and mesonotum numerous, and 
there are usually also a few erect hairs on the gula and petiolar border. 
Pubescence very distinct, fine, gray, short on the head and thorax, 
longer on the gaster. Femora with a row of hairs on their flexor 
surfaces; tibiae with short, appressed pubescence and a row of short 
bristles on their flexor surfaces. 
Color of head, thorax, petiole, and appendages usually lighter and 
