268 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
Branchiostegi, Acanthopterygii, and Malacopterygii. The same arrangement 
appears in his edition of Artedi’s work, 1738, and in subsequent editions of the 
Systema up to and including the seventh, 1748. His Chondropterygii were 
the genera Raia, Squalus, Acipenser, and Petromyzon. 
Gronow, 1754, following Linné, recognized the horizontal-tailed fishes, the 
Plagiuri, and the perpendicular-tailed fishes; the latter he subdivided into 
those with bony-rayed fins, under the names Malacopterygii, Acanthopteryeii, 
and Branchiostegi, and those with cartilaginous-rayed fins, the Chondrop- 
terygii, which latter included the genera Callorhynchus, Acipenser, Squalus, 
Raia, and Petromyzon. He had adopted most of his groups and genera from 
Artedi and Linné ; among the additions the genus Callorhynchus is of most 
present interest. It is from Gronow’s hand that that genus appears in the 
ninth edition of the Systema, 1756, without mention of Chimaera, though the 
latter was established by Linné in 1754, two years before the publication of 
that edition. 
Linné dropped the name Chondropterygii in the tenth edition of the Sys- 
tema, 1758, for Amphibia nantes, and there the group contains Petromyzon, 
Raia, Squalus, Chimaera, Lophius, and Acipenser. Callorhynchus of Gronow, 
1754, was buried in Chimaera of Linné, 1754. The arrangement is similar in 
the twelfth edition, with addition for the worse of Balistes, Ostracion, Tetro- 
don, Diodon, Cyclopterus, Centriscus, Syngnathus, and Pegasus. 
Gmelin, 1788, in his edition of the Systema, returned to the name Chondrop- 
terygii, and, dropping the name Amphibia nantes and taking out the genus 
Lophius, constitutes the group as in the tenth edition with these exceptions. 
The other fishes, practically the bony fishes, he placed in the groups Apodes, 
Jugulares, Thoracici, Abdominales, and Branchiostegi. The group Chondrop- 
terygii, with varying inclusiveness, has persisted. 
Cuvier, 1798, in the Tableau Elémentaire, improved the arrangement by so 
much as concerns the removal of Acipenser from the Chondropterygii, and by 
retaining in the order Petromyzon, Raia, Squalus, and Chimaera His orders 
were Les chondroptérygiens, Les branchiostéges, Les apodes, Les jugulaires, Les 
thorachiques, and Les abdominauz. This distribution with Latin names was 
followed by Gravenhorst, 1807, who added to the Chondropterygii the genus 
Gastrobranchus of Bloch, 1795, for Myxine glutinosa of Linné, 1754. 
La Cepéde, 1798, divided the class into cartilaginous fishes and bony fishes. 
He accepted the Chondropterygii of his predecessors, but wrongly included 
various bony fishes, and though he carefully subdivided the groups he desig- 
nated the minor divisions only by the names, apodes, jugulaires, thoracins, and 
abdominaux in each case, repeating these names over and over again. 
Duméril, 1806, in the Zoologie Analytique, gave French names, derived from 
the Greek, to La Cepéde’s subdivisions. His first order of the cartilaginous 
fishes was the Trématopnés, with two families, the Cyclostomes and the Pla- 
giostomes. His second order, and third family, he named Chismopnés; its 
contents were the so-called genera Baudroie, Lophie, Baliste, and Chimére. 
His third order, and fourth family, Eleuthéropomes, included Polyodon, Aci- 
