GARMAN: THE CHIMAEROIDS. 269 
penstre, and Pégase, and his fourth and last order of the cartilaginous fishes, 
the Télécbranches, contained three families properly belonging to the bony 
fishes. It is not necessary to follow the remainder of the orders, as they are 
outside of the limits of this paper. It will be seen that if the bony fishes im- 
properly included are withdrawn from the second order, the Chismopnés, 
the only reason for its existence lies in the genus Chimaera. Duméril gives 
the derivation of the word Chismopnés as ‘‘de Xiopn fente et de IIvéos res- 
pirant.” If he had derived it from Xaopa or Xaopn and made the word Chas- 
matopnés or Chasmopnés, or from Syiopa or Sxicuy, making the word to be 
Schismatopnés or Schismopnés there might have been less questioning of the 
etymology. It is only a change of a letter in either case, but authorities differ 
as to whether a correction should be applied. 
Nafinesque, 1815, also lost sight of the limits between the cartilaginous and 
the bony fishes. He took Duméril’s third order for his own sixth, and latinized 
the French name Chismopnés in the form Chismopnea. He placed in this 
order the family Branchismea, with three subfamilies, the Chimeria, the Balis- 
tia, and the Lophidia, and the family Meiopteria, with two subfamilies of eels, 
the Echelia and the Chlopsidia. All of this order except the Chimeria be- 
longed among the bony fishes. His seventh order, the Tremapnea, was with 
considerable additions Duméril’s first, the Trématopnés. Rafinesque put into 
this order (1) the Ophictia, consisting of three subfamilies of eels, (2) the Pla- 
giostomia, Duméril’s Plagiostomes, with two subfamilies, the Antacea, Sharks, 
and the Platosomia, Skates, and Rays, and (3) the Cyclostomia, with two sub- 
families, the Lampredia and the Myxinia. As in case of Duméril’s Chismop- 
nés, the future of Rafinesque’s Chismopnea depended wholly on his Chimeria. 
Cuvier, 1817, again made a more exact separation of the Chondropterygii 
and the bony fishes, in which Rafinesque’s Chismopnea were widely scattered ; 
the Balistia became Plectognathes (Plectognatha Latr., 1825, Plectognathi 
Bonap., 1831), the Lophidia became Acanthopterygiens, the Meiopteria became 
Malacoptérygiens apodes, and the Chimeria were placed in the Chondropté- 
rygiens a branchies fixes under Les Chimeres. The two genera Chimaera and 
Callorhynchus were accepted by Cuvier. His changes notwithstanding, the 
order Chismopnea still existed by virtue of the Chimaeroids contained in it. ' 
Latreille, 1825, made use of the name Ichthyodera for his third class, 
Cuvier’s Chondroptérygiens a branchies fixes, placing in this class two orders, 
the first, Selacii, Duméril’s Plagiostomes, with three families, the Squalides, 
the Platysoma, and the Acanthorhina (Chimaerae), and the second, Cyclos- 
toma, with two families, the Auloedibranchia (Petromyzonidae) and the Diporo- 
branchia (Myxinidae). The name Acanthorhina cannot be looked upon as 
particularly appropriate since Blainville, 1816, had used Acanthorhinus for 
Spinacoid sharks. 
Bonaparte, 1831, subdivided his subclass Chondropterygii into Section 1 
Chismopnei (Branchiati) and Section 2, Trematopnei (Spiraculati). In the 
first he placed his order 6, Eleutheropomi (Sturiones), Family 32, Acipenseri- 
dae, and his order 7, Acanthorrhini, Family 33, Chimaeridae ; and in the second 
