182 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
vation, on the other hand, in nearly every case where I have seen a cut 
in the soil, it is made of stratified materials, sometimes only very roughly 
assorted, but in many places perfectly stratified. 
At the elevation of from 40. to 90 feet there are frequent bare ledges 
of rock causing some of the unique bits of scenery which have ren- 
dered the Cape famous among summer visitors (Plate 5). Below this 
strip of bare rock are level stretches of stratified material. When the 
studies were first begun in 1887, the suggestion at once arose that this 
stretch of bed rock, which so closely resembles the stripped area of granite 
just above the present high-tide mark, in reality represents a stripped area 
produced at a time when the waves were working at a higher level and were 
able to wash the loose soil from the ledges, as they have so effectually 
done all along the exposed coast of the Cape at the present level. 
The resemblance between the upland topography at an elevation of 
‘from 40 to 90 feet and the present coast line is in many places clearly 
defined in the way just described ; but, just as along the present coast 
there are many differences from place to place, in accordance with the 
location with reference to exposure to waves, or with reference to the 
nature of the under roek, so at the upper levels there are also variations 
from place to place. For instance, along the Pigeon Cove coast, one of 
the most exposed parts of the Cape, the jointing of the granite is of such 
kind as to furnish sloping layers of rock dipping seaward, much as would 
be the case if there were a series of sedimentary beds with a seaward dip. 
The waves along the present coast wash up over the sloping granite for a 
long distance, and, except in one or two places, the coast is not bordered 
by beach accumulation. At first the failure to discover evidence of 
former depression in this part of the coast was considered very puzzling ; 
but as the studies were carried on in more detail, it soon became evident 
that beaches would probably not have been formed here. Instead, as 
along the present coast, the granite was completely stripped of all soil, 
though it is now covered in places with a thin veneer of gravel resulting 
from the postglacial decay of the bed rock. 
On Eastern Point, which forms the eastern boundary of Gloucester 
Harbor, the bare rock area is much greater than in any other section of 
the Cape of equal size. Here even the higher hills are washed clear of 
drift; and in this part of the Cape the raised beaches are very well 
developed. This is in harmony with what one would expect, for since 
the ice movement was from the northwest, the southeastern margin of 
the Cape was first exposed to the waves; and even while the moraine of 
Cape Ann was being built by an ice stand, Eastern Point, and the east- 
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