ON THE ETHNOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 625 



understood parochial districts, such as his own parish, where there is no 

 village in the ordinary sense that is a century old. Probably about the 

 fifteenth century the inhabitants began to migrate from the centres in 

 which they had been grouped, and to scatter themselves in comparatively 

 isolated dwellings ; but still they were the same folk, and their descendants 

 continued to dwell in the land, and were conservative to a degree until 

 not very long ago. 



Mr. Mark Hill states that the people of Newton-upon-RawcliflFe, 

 Pickering, with whose customs and dialect that gentleman has a familiar, 

 extensive, and varied acquaintance, are extremely illiterate, untravelled, 

 and behind times. 



Canon Isaac Taylor remarks on the general question that the whole 

 population was cleared off in the devastation of the north by William I., 

 after which a mixed population slowly filtered back. Even later there 

 have been great shif tings. In Settrington (of which parish Canon 

 Taylor is rector) there is a nominal list of the inhabitants iu 1598. All 

 the families but two have shifted. In the West Riding there is a 

 fonrteenth-centurv poll-book, which would make it easy to trace con- 

 tinuous residence ; but no earlier ethnological results would be possible, 

 as Wilham cleared off every soul in Wensleydale. This poll-book affords 

 abundant evidence of large recent fourteenth-century migrations, 



Lancashire. 



Places By whom suggested 



Torver 

 Hamlets, near Rochdale 



Chippinj 



Leek 



Blackley . 



Eibblesdale 



Other villages iu South Lancashire 



Mr. H. Swainson Cowper. 

 Mr. J. Reginald Ashworth. 

 Mr. H. T. Crofton. 



Mr. James D. Wilde. 

 Mr. Eli Sowerbutts. 

 Mr. E. W. Cox. 



Torver is a village at the foot of the fells, west of Coniston lake, 

 having a rural population similar to the Westmorland villages, but 

 lying in more open country, and with good approach from the sea at the 

 mouth of the Duddon. 



In the district of Rochdale there are a number of small hamlets 

 which cling to old habits, and are to a considerable extent untouched by 

 modem influences. A Flemish colony there is said to have introduced 

 among other things the Lancashire ' clog.' 



Mr. Sowerbutts remarks that almost every old village in Lancashire 

 has a separate dialect. In South Lancashire the types of the country 

 people will have to be found in towns. In his own district of Ribblesdale 

 he can find a dozen people of the same type distinguished by a peculiar 

 inflexion of the voice ; but there are not many of the families left about 

 Balderstone, such as Fenton, Ellams (or Helm), Harrison, and Coupe. 

 He meets them daily in Manchester. His own family lived in Balder- 

 stone from time immemorial (Sowing in Butts is the derivation of the 

 name) ; and wherever the name is (Lancashire, Yorkshire, Hampshire, 

 Bremen, Mexico, the United States of America) they all come from the 

 Ribble valley. But all are cleared out now to the towns, except a game- 

 keeper or two. When a lad ten or twelve years old he could go from 

 farmhouse to farmhouse for nearly twenty miles. All are gone now. 

 ' Eli o' Tummas o' Ruchat o' Willym o' Tummas o' Willym o' Shandy- 



1893. s s 



