ON THE ETlINOGR.VrHICAL SURVEY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 643 



loosely through a hole in each of theii' upper left-hand corners. Three 

 sorts of portrait are wanted, as follows: — 



(a) A few portraits of such persons as may, in the opinion of the 

 person who sends them, best convey the peculiar characteristics of the 

 race. These may be taken in whatever aspect shall best display those 

 characteristics, and should be accompanied by a note directing attention 

 to them. 



(b) At least twelve portraits of the left side of the face of as many 

 different adults of the same sex. These must show in each case the 

 exact profile, and the hair should be so arranged as fully to show the ear. 

 All the persons should occupy in turn the same chair (with movable 

 blocks on the seat, to raise the sitters' heads to a uniform height), the 

 camera being fixed throughout in the same place. The portraits to be on 

 such a scale that the distance between the top of the head and the bottom 

 of the chin shall in no case be less than 1;^ inch. Smaller portraits can 

 hardly be utilised in any way. If the incidence of the light be not the 

 same in all cases, they cannot be used to make composite portraits, By 

 attending to the following hints the successive sitters may be made to 

 occupy so nearly the same position that the camera need hardly be re- 

 focussed. In regulating the height of the head it is tedious and clumsy 

 to ari'ange the proper blocks on the seat by trial. The simpler plan is 

 to make the sitter first take his place on a separate seat with its back to 

 the wall, having previously marked on the wall, at heights corresponding 

 to those of the various heights of head, the numbers of the blocks that 

 should be used in each case. The appropriate number for the sitter is 

 noted, and the proper blocks are placed on the chair, with the assurance 

 that what was wanted has been correctly done. The distance of the sitter 

 from the camera can be adjusted with much precision by fixing a looking- 

 glass in the wall (say five feet from his chair), so that he can see the 

 reflection of his face in it. The backward or forward position of the 

 sitter is easily controlled by the operator, if he looks at the sitter's head, 

 over the middle of the cainera, against a mark on the wall beyond. It 

 would be a considerable aid in making measurements of the features of 

 the portrait, and preventing the possibility of mistaking the district of 

 which the sitter is a representative, if a board be fixed above his head in 

 the plane of his profile, on which a scale of inches is very legibly marked, 

 and the name of the district written. This board should be so placed as 

 just to fall within the photographic plate. The backgi'onnd should be of 

 a medium tint (say a sheet of light bi-own paper pinned against the wall 

 beyond), very dark and very light tints being both unsuitable for com- 

 posite photography. 



(c) The same persons who were taken in side face should be subse- 

 quently photographed in stricthj full face. They should occupy a diffei-ent 

 chair, the place of camera being changed in accordance. Time will be 

 greatly saved if all the side faces are taken first, and then all the full 

 faces ; unless, indeed, there happen to be two operator.", each with his 

 own camera, ready to take the same persons in turn. The remarks just 

 made in respect to h are, in principle, more or less applicable to the 

 present case ; but the previous method of insuring a uniform distance 

 between the sitter and the camera ceases to be appropriate. 



It is proposed that composites of some of these groups shall be taken 

 by Mr. Galton, so far as his time allows. 



