ON THE ETHNOGEAPHICAL SURTEY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 645 



Directions for Measurement. 



The instruments required for these measurements are — Garson's 'Traveller's 

 anthropometer,' manufactured by Aston and Mander, 25 Old Compton Street, 

 London, price 'dl. Zs. complete ; without box footpiece 21. \0s. ; a standard for measuring 

 height, or a tape-measure fastened vertically on a wall, with the zero just level with 

 the floor ; a pair of Broca's callipers ; and a Dublin boxwood craniometer for the 

 head measurements, manufactured by Robinson and Sons, Grafton Street, Dublin, 

 price 11. IQs. 



IIc'ujM' standing. — The subject should stand perfectly upright, with his back to 

 the standard or fixed tape, and his eyes directed horizontally forwards. Care should 

 be taken that the standard or support for the tape is vertical. The height is measured 

 by placing a carpenter's square or a large set-square against the support in such a 

 manner that the lower edge is at right angles to the scale ; the square should be 

 placed well above the head, and then brought down till its lower edge feels the 

 resistance of the top of the head. The observer should be careful that the height 

 should be taken in the middle line of the head. If the subject should object to take 

 off his boots, measure the thickness of the boot- heel and deduct from stature indi- 

 cated in boots. 



Helffht sitting. — For this the subject should be seated on a stool or low bench, 

 having behind it a graduated rod or tape with its zero level with the seat ; he should 

 sit perfectly erect, with his back well in against the scale. Then proceed as in 

 measuring the height standing. The square should be employed here also if the tape 

 against a wall is used. 



Length of head. — Measured from the projection between the eye-brows (glabella) 

 to the most distant point at the back of the head in the middle line. For this 

 measurement the callipers are used, and care should be taken to keep the end on the 

 glabella steady by holding it there with the fingers while the other extremity is 

 searching for the maximum projection of the head behind. 



Breadth of head. — The maximum breadth of head is measured at right angles to 

 tlie length. Care must be taken to hold the instrument so that both its points are 

 exactly on the same horizontal level. 



Height of head. — The head should be so held that the eyes look straight forwards. 

 The callipers of Garson's anthropometer should be held vertical!}^ in front of the face 

 of the subject, and the upper straight arm should be extended as far as possible, 

 and placed along the middle line of the head ; the shorter lower arm should be 

 pushed up to the lower surface of the chin. 



Face length. — This is measured from the slight furrow which marks the root of 

 the nose to the under part of the chin. Should there be two furrows, as is often the 

 case, measure from the upper one. 



Upper face length. — From root of nose to the separation between the two central 

 front teeth at their roots. 



Face breadth. — Maximum breadth of face between the bony projections in front 

 of the ears. 



Bigonial breadth. — Breadth of face at the angles of the lower jaw below the ears. 



Nose length. — From the furrow at root of nose to the angle between the nose and 

 the upper lip in the middle line. 



Breadth of nose. — Measured horizontally across the nostrils at the widest part, 

 but without compressing the nostrils. 



Internal bi-octdar breadth. — "Width between the internal angles of the eyes. While 

 this is being measured the subject should shut his eyes. 



Head height.— This Is taken with the Dublin craniometer, the plugs of which 

 should be well inserted into the ear-holes, so as to press against the bony wall, and 

 the sliding indicator brought down on the top of the head, at a point vertical to the 

 ear-hole, the head being so held that the eyes are directed to a point at the same 

 level as themselves, i.e., the plane of vision should be exactly horizontal. 



Auriculo- nasal radius. — From centre of ear-hole to root of nose. 



Auriouh-alveolar radius. — From centre of ear-hole to gum at root of front teeth 

 of the upper jaw. 



