TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 745 



margin of the Biinter Sandstone. From these considerations it may lie inferred 

 tiiat Nottingham is most favourably situated as regards its water-supply for a long 

 period to come ; a circumstance of great importance at a time when so many large 

 manufacturing towns are looking forwards with anxiety to the future as regards 

 this prime necessary of progress and prosperity. 



Since the above was written I have been favoured by Mr. L. T. Godfrey Evans, 

 the Borough Engineer, with information, of which the following is a summary : — 



There are four pumping stations, of which one, the Park, Zion Hill, is not now 

 in use. The others are : — 



1. Basford or Bagthorpe, yielding 12,800,000 gallons per week. 



2. Bestwood, yielding 11,800,000 „ „ 



3. Papplewick, yieldin,? 12,190,000 „ 



In all 36,790,000 gallons per week, or 5,257,113 gallons per 

 day. 



The supply at Bestwood is decreasing, owing probably to mining operations in 

 the neighbourhood. The yield at the Park Station is about 5i millions of gallons 

 per week. The water is excellent. 



2. On a Nottingham Sandstone containing Barium Sulpliate as a Cementing 

 Material. By Professor Frank Clowes, B.Sc. (Seep. 732.) 



I 



) 



3. On the Discovery of a Concealed Ridge of pre-Carho7iiferous Rocks under 

 the Trias of Netherseal, Leicestershire. By Professor Edward Hull, 

 LL.D., F.B.S., F.G.S. 



It is now generally recognised that the Leicestershire and Warwickshire Coal- 

 measures were deposited along the borders of a land surface of older Palaeozoic 

 rocks, of which the visible representatives occur at Oharnwood Forest and Ather- 

 stone. The attenuated condition of the Lower Carboniferous beds at Calke Abbey 

 on the north of the Leicestershire Coalfield and their entire absence below the 

 Coal-measures of Warwickshire show that these older rocks remained unsubmerged 

 till the commencement of the Upper Carboniferous period, when they were gradually 

 overspread, as the land became depressed, by successive deposits of the Coal period. 

 The general north-westerly trend of these old foundation rocks, both at Charnwood 

 Forest and Atherstone, appears to indicate that this old land was composed of a 

 succession of ridges and furrows running in N.W. and S.E. directions ; but as 

 the country is for the most part covered by Triassic strata the position of such 

 ridges and hollows can only be determined by experiment. One of these ridges 

 appears to have been in this manner determined at Netherseal Colliery in a boring 

 put down for the purpose of determining the extension of ' the main coal.' Having 

 been invited by Mr. G. J. Binns, F.G.S. , the manager of the colliery, to give my 

 opinion regarding the age of the beds passed through in the lower part of the 

 boring, I visited the colliery and inspected the cores which were brought up and 

 were arranged in their order of relative depth at the works. The following is an 

 abstract of the strata passed through : — • 



rppj J f Sunter Sandstone; light reddish-brown, pebbly 



(_ sandstone ; 262 feet. 

 CoAL-MEASUEES / ^""^^ ^^^ black shales and sandstones, with coal 



\ and ironstone ; plants abundant ; 514 feet. 



PEE-CAEBONIFEKGUsf^^'^^i^*' P"?^^ ^^^ ^'^^ /"> ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^"^"^ 



\ micaceous quartzite ; 19 feet. 



The interest attaches to the beds called ' pre-Carboniferous.' They consist of 

 sandstones, grits, and quartzites, of purple and yellowish tints, occasionally shaly. 

 They contrast strongly with the Coal-measures, not only in the absence of beds of 

 coal, grey and black shale and ironstone, but also in the complete absence of plant 

 remains with which the overlying Coal-measures are crowded ; not one solitary 



