746 KEPORT- 1893. 



instance of any plant-form having been found amongst all the cores after careful 

 examination. It became clear that the beds were not of Carboniferous age, yet it 

 was very difficult to determine with certainty to what period they were to be 

 referred. Such sandstones, grits, and quartzites might be found in several pre- 

 Carboniferous formations, either the Old Red Sandstone, the Upper Silurian, Lower 

 Silurian (Ordovieian),or Cambrian. A reference to the Old Red Sandstone was con- 

 sidered out of the question, as this formation is not found anywhere in this part 

 of England ; nor did it seem probable that they were referable to the Upper or 

 Lower Silurian period, though this is possible. On the other hand, we cannot 

 forget that at no gi-eat distance to the south of the boring the Lower Cambrian beds 

 form the floor of the Coal-measures, and, although the cores at Netherseal boring 

 do not show a very strong resemblance to those of the Hartshill ridge, there is no 

 good reason why they may not be referable to the same general period, and con- 

 sist of beds not visible in that locality. For these reasons I am disposed with 

 some hesitation to regard them as of Lower Cambrian age ; a view in which I am 

 supported by Professor Lapworth, who was kind enough to examine the specimens 

 of the cores which I brought away with me from Netherseal Colliery. I will only 

 add that no conclusion could be gathered regarding the question of unconformity 

 of these beds with the overlying Coal-measures, as the dip of both series appeared 

 to be very slight. A strong discordance could have been immediately detected. 



Since the above was written No. 2 boring has entered these old rocks, and 

 the specimens brought up confirm the conclusion arrived at from the results of 

 boring No. 1. The rock entered at a depth of about 760 feet consists of reddish 

 vitreous quartzite, slightly micaceous, and very similar to the Hartshill stone of 

 Warwickshire. 



4. On the Geology of the Coastland of Caria. Bij John L. Mtees. 



The interior of Caria, so far as it has been explored, presents only thick bedded 

 blue and grey limestones of Cretaceous age, lying almost horizontally, and forming 

 great plateaus with steep sea-slopes, the natural di-ainage falling partly into deep 

 gorges, partly into the frequent swallow-holes. 



In the peninsula, however, which projects westward beyond Budrum (the 

 ancient Halikarnassos) the occurrence of a volcanic series, both below and above 

 the thick limestones, causes a complete change in the character of the country. 



The * fundamental ' beds of this area are light-coloured crystalline quartzose 

 and felspathic rocks, which are interbanded with one another, and present occasion- 

 ally traces of foliation. The dips are almost universally to the east, and rise in 

 some places to the vertical, but are not wholly pre-Cretaceous. The age of these 

 beds is quite undetermined, but they may probably be correlated with the very 

 similar beds in Patmos, and with those which underlie the thick limestones in the 

 eastern half of the peninsula of Kavo Krio further south, and the white marble 

 series which represents them in Naxos, Attica, and elsewhere. 



These beds are traversed, as in Patmos and Naxos, by numerous necks and 

 dykes of very various composition. Two or three types, however, may be distin- 

 guished, and appear to represent successive periods of volcanic action. In par- 

 ticular, a purple porphyritic rock which is especially common in the neighbourhood 

 of Gumashli (ancient Myndos), on the west coast, occurs as the main constituent 

 in an altered tuft", underlying the basal schists of the limestone series, in which 

 several other common types are not represented. 



The pre-Cretaceous volcanic outbreak was not yet over when the great subsidence 

 began at the opening of the Limestone period ; for the last deposits of dt§bris on 

 the flanks of the old land-mass have a distinctly subaqueous character, and are 

 immediately succeeded by fine clays and schists at the base of the great limestones. 

 The lower part of this series is in this region unusually full of thin sandy beds, 

 and it contains also a number of bands of black chert in the parts east of Budrum. 

 The higher beds, however, are cleaner, and conform to the more normal type 

 represented in the neighbouring areas of Kavo Krio, Kos, and Kalymnos. One 

 small outlier in the middle of the volcanic area has been wholly metamorphosed 



