TKANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 747 



into a coarsely crystalline and very clean -white marble, strikingly like that of 

 Naxos ; and a "large area east of Budrum shows signs of similar but less complete 

 metamorphism. The basal sands and clays are in all cases much more altered than 

 the limestones associated with them. 



At the end of the limestone period a prolonged elevation allowed of the erosion 

 of the principal existing features of the Carian coastland ; so that the Tertiary beds 

 which cling about the slopes of the limestones and older rocks have all a littoral 

 character, which is maintained in the eastern part of Kos ; though in the central 

 plain of that island deep-water limestones of some thickness occur. This series 

 consists of a basal breccia of limestone and fragments of crystalline rocks, followed 

 by sandstones and schistose clays, and then by thin-bedded cream-coloured clayey 

 hmestones of the normal type. All these are locally altered where they come in 

 contact with rocks of the later volcanic series. In the absence of fossils these 

 beds can only be roughly correlated with the very similar rocks in Rhodes and 

 Crete to the south, and of Samos, Chios, and the mainland opposite to the north. 



Above this normal series occurs a thick but very irregular accumulation of 

 volcanic debris, which can be associated with a second series of necks and dykes 

 in the old rocks. The limestone appears to have been largely denuded from the 

 ■western half of the peninsula before the outbreak took place ; but boulders of it 

 occur in a very perplexing, mainly volcanic, breccia near Gumashli. A very 

 markedlocal variety of thisvolcanic series on the coast between Gumashli andGeretsi 

 supplied in classical and mediasval times an admirable peperino for building 

 purposes, which is still occasionally worked. The latest beds found in this area 

 are almost wholly composed of pumice, and may be referred to the very recent 

 volcanic centres in Kos and Nisyros. They fill several small bays in the penin- 

 sulas of Budrum and Kavo Krio, are well developed on the shores of Porto 

 Kalymno, and fringe the steep south-east shore of Kos, over agaiust Nisyros, where 

 they contain larger fragments, and are associated with limestone. They are almost 

 always level ; cliff breccias seldom occur more than twenty or thirty feet above 

 the sea-level, and are probably of very recent date. 



It may be noted in conclusion that the argentiferous galena, which was worked 

 so largely in classical and mediteval times at Gumashli (the Turkish name means 

 ' Silver Town '), is still found frequently, and of good quality, in the old rocks 

 of the neighbourbood. Many good veins of pyrolusite have lately been reported 

 in the same series near Gumashli and Kephaloucha, and a cobalt mineral, not yet 

 assayed, is found in workable quantities at the latter place. 



Report on the Fossil Phyllopoda of the Palceozoic Rocks. 

 See Reports, p. 465. 



6. On the Discovery of Cephalaspis in the Caithness Flags, 

 By Dr. R. H. Traquair, F.E.S. 



The author described a new species of Cephalaspis (C magnifica, Traq.), from 

 Spittal Pavement Quarry, Caithness, resembling C Camphelltownensis, Whiteayes, 

 in having a pointed snout, but differing from it in having the coruua proportion- 

 ately short and broad-based, instead of slender and curved; the cranial shield 

 is ornamented externally by a very fine tuberculation, and the inner margins of the 

 cornua are not denticulated. This is the first recorded occurrence of Cephalaspis in 

 the Orcadian area of the Old Red Sandstone north of the Grampians, and the species 

 is the largest known, the length of the cranial shield being no less than 8^ inches. 



7. Report on the Furypierid-learing Deposits of the Pentland Hills. 



See Reports, p. 470. 



